研究生入学考试英语一真题及解析Word文档格式.docx

研究生入学考试英语一真题及解析Word文档格式.docx

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This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofaplexbrain,12ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;

cellsinplantsalsomunicatethroughelectricalsignals.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinaplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatmunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.

“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he16.“Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the17thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”

Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?

Plantscan’trunawayfrom18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.[A]coined

2.[A]attributed

[B]discovered

[B]directed

[C]collected

[C]pared

[D]issued

[D]confined

3.[A]unless

[B]when

[C]once

[D]though

4.[A]copedwith

[B]consistedof

[C]hintedat

[D]extended

5.[A]suffers

[B]benefits

[C]develops

[D]differs

6.[A]acceptance

[B]evidence

[C]cultivation

[D]creation

7.[A]doubted

[B]denied

[C]argued

[D]requested

8.[A]adapting

9.[A]analogous

[B]forming

[B]essential

[C]repairing

[C]suitable

[D]testing

[D]sensitive

10.[A]just

[B]ever

[C]still

[D]even

11.[A]restriction

[B]experiment

[C]perspective

[D]demand

12.[A]attaching

[B]reducing

[C]returning

[D]exposing

13.[A]However

[B]Moreover

[C]Therefore

[D]Otherwise

14.[A]temporarily

[B]literally

[C]superficially

[D]imaginarily

15.[A]list

[B]level

[C]label

[D]local

16.[A]recalled

[B]agreed

[C]questioned

[D]added

17.[A]chances

[B]risks

[C]excused

[D]assumptions

18.[A]danger

[B]failure

[C]warning

[D]control

19.[A]represents

[B]includes

[C]reveals

[D]recognizes

20.[A]humble

[B]poor

[C]practical

[D]easy

SectionIIReadingprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Peopleoftenplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:

earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,DavidBowiecostumes,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“It’slikebakingacake:

Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”

Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPiaoGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,

cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewarnedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstableIt’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Muse