共享经济外文翻译文献编辑.docx

共享经济外文翻译文献编辑.docx

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文献信息：

文献标题：

Puttingthesharingeconomyintoperspective（透视共享经济）

国外作者：

KoenFrenken，JulietSchor

文献出处：

《EnvironmentalInnovationandSocietalTransitions》,2017,23:

3-10

字数统计：

英文3345单词，18027字符；中文5823汉字

外文文献：



Puttingthesharingeconomyintoperspective

AbstractWedevelopaconceptualframeworkthatallowsustodefinethesharingeconomyanditsclosecousinsandweunderstanditssuddenrisefromaneconomic-historicperspective.Wethenassessthesharingeconomyplatformsintermsoftheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalimpacts.Weendwithreflectionsoncurrentregulationsandfuturealternatives,andsuggestanumberoffutureresearchquestions.

Keywords:

Sharing;Platform;Sustainability;Reversetechnologyassessment;Regulation

1.Introduction

IntheSpringof2014,thesharingeconomyheldanunusualgatheringinSanFrancisco,asortof“comingout”party.Entitled“SHARE,”theconferenceincludednotonlyfounders,fundersandfansofthesharingeconomy,butalsoharshcritics.Politicallyprogressiveinsidersandoutsidersraisedquestionsaboutaccess,exclusionandthedistributionofvalueinthesector.Theydiscussedtheirvisionofafairer,lower-carbon,moretransparent,participatoryandsocially-connectedeconomy,andwhetherthosegoalsareconsistentwiththeactionsofthelarge,moneyedplayers—thesuccessfulplatformsandtheventurecapitalistswhoarebackingthemwithvastsums

offinance.Morerecently,akeyfigurefromtheFrenchsharingeconomythinkthankOuiShareevenstatedattheirannualconferenceinParisthat“thesharingeconomyisover”asitdidnotliveupitsinitialpromises（DeGrave,2016）.

Itisclearthatthesharingeconomyiscreatingenormousamountsofwealth,andthatithasbeenusingasociallyprogressivefeel-goodrhetorictodoso.Butwilltheplatformssharethatwealthwithusers—onboththeproviderandusersidesofthemarket?

Willtheplatformsensurewidespreadaccess—byexpandingtheiruserbasebeyondthemostlywhite,highlyeducated,able-bodiedurbaniteswhohavecomprisedthebulkofusersinthefirststage?

Willtheymakegoodontheirpromisestoprovidedecentlivelihoodsforproviders,opportunitiesforso-called“micro-entrepreneurs”andwilltheycontinuetoproviderealvaluetocustomers?

Oristherhetoricmerelyathinveneertohideapredatorybusinessmodelthatwillultimatelyappropriatevaluetoinvestorsandfounders,oncethemarketdevelopsandusersarelockedintotheplatforms?

Willtheplatformsbehavelikethemonopoliesthatsomeseempoisedtobecome?

Whileit’stooearlyfordefinitiveanswerstoanswerthesequestions,webelieveitiscrucialwestartaskingtheminamoreanalytical,empiricalandcriticalmanner.

Ouraimwiththispaperistoputthesharingeconomyintoperspectivebyprovidingaconceptualframeworkthatallowsustodefinethesharingeconomyanditsclosecousinsandtounderstanditssuddenrisefromaneconomic-historic

perspective（Section2）,toassesssharingeconomyplatformsintermsoftheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalimpacts（Section3）,andtoreflectoncurrentregulationsandpossiblealternativeplatformarchitectures（Section4）.Weendwithsomeresearchquestionsforfutureresearch（Section5）.

2.Definitionalissues

Thenotionofsharingofidlecapacityiscentraltothedefinitionofsharingeconomy,becauseitdistinguishesthepracticeofsharingofgoodsfromthepracticeofon-demandpersonalservices.ThereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenorderingataxithroughUber,LyftorDidiandsharingaridethroughBlaBlaCaroranother

hitchhikingorcarpoolingplatform（MeelenandFrenken,2015）.Inthecaseofataxiservice,theconsumercreatesnewcapacitybyorderingataxiondemandtodrivethepassengerfromAtoB.Withouttheorder,thetripwouldnothavebeenmadeinthefirstplace.Inthiscase,thetermnowcomingintocommonuseistheon-demandeconomy.Bycontrast,inthecaseofhitchhiking/carpooling,theconsumeroccupiesaseatthatwouldotherwisenothavebeenusedasthedriverhadplannedtogofromAtoBanyway.Hitchhikingandcarpoolingareexamplesofride-sharingandpartofthesharingeconomy（Benkler,2004）.Indeed,inthecontextoftransportation,thisdistinctionbetweenon-demandeconomyandsharingeconomyhasbecomeclearerovertimeasmostcommentatorsnowcallUber,LyftandDidiride-hailingcompaniesinsteadofride-sharing.

Thenotionofunder-utilizationisalsokeytothecurrentdiscussionabouthomesharingplatformssuchasAirbnb.Whenahouseownerisawayforholidaysorabusinesstrip,orhasasparebedroom,theassetisnotutilized.Thatis,theunoccupiedhousecanbeconsideredastemporaryidlecapacity.If,however,apersonweretobuyasecondhomeandrentitouttotouristspermanently,thatconstitutesrunningacommerciallodgingsite,