拼车服务外文文献翻译Word下载.docx

拼车服务外文文献翻译Word下载.docx

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英文

Carsharingusebycollegestudents:

ThecaseofMilanandRome

LuciaRotaris，RomeoDanielis，IlaMaltesec

Abstract

Thepaperanalysescarsharing（CS）usebycollegestudentsintheItaliancitiesofRomeandMilan.WeuseanadaptedstatedpreferenceapproachtostudyCSpreferencesbycollectinginformationontheindividualmobilitypatternsandbydistinguishingbetweencommutingandnon-commutingtrips.WedevelopsixhypotheticalscenariostoexplorehowmobilitydecisionwouldchangewhenvaryingthecharacteristicsofthecurrentCSsupply.WeestimatearandomparameterdiscretechoicemodeltoevaluateCSpreferencesandsimulatedCSdemand.ThemainfindingisthatcollegestudentsuseCSonanoccasionalbasisandvaryrarelytheirhabitualtransportchoice.Thestudentspreferthefree-floatingCStypeoverthestation-basedorroundtripone.LowerfaresandahigherCSsupplyofpreferablyelectriccarswouldincreasethenumberofCSstudentusersfromthecurrent2%toupto10–15%.CSsubstitutesmainlytheprivatecarand,toalesserextent,publictransport.

Keywords：

Carsharing，Collegestudents，Statedpreference，Traveldemand

1. 

Introduction

Inthelastfouryears,Italiancitieshaveexperiencedalargeincreaseincarsharing（CS）servicesupply.InItaly,CSisofferedbytwotypesoforganization:

state-sponsoredcompaniesandprivatecompanies.Theformeroffereithera 

roundtriporastation-basedservice,andsomeofthemaresupportedbytheCarSharingInitiative（ICS,IniziativaCarSharing）,promotedandfinancedbytheMinistryoftheEnvironment（Ministerodell'

AmbienteedelTerritorio,2018）.Accordingto 

Istat（2016）,in2014roundtriporstation-basedCSwasofferedin23medium-largeItaliancities.Intheyears2011–2014,thenumberofavailablevehiclesincreasedfrom656to915andthenumberofstationsincreasedfrom435to521.Therealgamechangerwasthemarketentryoftheprivatecompaniessupplyingfree-floatingsystems. 

Itisestimatedthat,intotal,bytheendof20177,679CScarswereinservice,managedby29CScompanies（Ministerodell’AmbienteedellaTuteladelTerritorioedelMare,2018）.

Notwithstandingtherecentgrowth,manyareasofuncertaintyexistanddeservemoreresearch.AnimportantoneregardstheCSdemand.TheCSmarketisstillinitsinitialphase.Thesuppliersareadjustingtheirbusinessmodelsinanefforttocontrolcostsandmakeaprofit.Theusershaveyettoadapttheirtransportmodechoices.ItisunclearwhetherCSisusedmerelyonoccasionalbasisorifitistosomeextentahabitualtransportmodechoice.ThepreferencestructureofCSdemandisunknown.TheCSprovidersneedtoknowthepreferencesofthecurrentandpotentialdemandinordertobettermeetthecustomers’needsandtoincreasetheirmarketshare.Furthermore,intheItaliancontext,thesubstitutionbetweenCSandothertransportmodesremains,byandlarge,unexplored.ThisinformationiscrucialnotonlyforevaluatingtheimpactofCSonsocialandenvironmentalefficiency,butalsoforunderstandingthedistributionalimpactsonothertransportsuppliers,andconsequently,theacceptabilityofCS.

InthispaperthesetopicsareanalyzedwithrespecttocollegestudentsattendingtheUniversitiesofMilanandRome.TheresearchisspecificallyfocusedoncollegestudentsbecausetheyrepresentanimportantcurrentandpotentialsegmentoftheCSmarket.Aresearchconductedin2016involving37Italianuniversitiesand70.000individualsestimatesthat11%oftheuniversitystudentsintervieweduseafree-floatingCSservice,while4%useastation-basedCSservice. 

Lodigiani（2017）reportsthatinMilan27%ofCSmembersarecollegestudentsandtheyusetheservicemorefrequentlythantheothermarketsegments.ArecentstudycarriedoutinRomebythelocaladministrationreportsthat90%ofcollegestudentshavea 

driverlicense 

butonly35%haveaprivatevehicleandrepresentapromisingandlargepotentialsegmentfortheCSproviders.Moreover,itiswellknownthatyounggenerationsaremoresensitivetoenvironmentalissuesandgreenproducts,andfinditeasiertoaccepttechnologicalchanges,asfoundby 

Yuetal.（2016）.YoungerpeoplehavelimiteddisposableincomeandfindadvantageoustouseCS,sinceitallowsthemtoavoidthefixedcostsofowingaprivatecarandthefeestobepaidwhentravellingdowntown（parkingandcongestioncharges）.Finally,assuggestedby 

MartinandShaheen（2011b）,collegestudentshaveahighlydynamiclife,characterizedbyfrequentmoving,changesinroommates,employment,courseschedules,andvehicles.Often,theyliveindifferentcitiesandhousesduringdifferenttimesoftheyear.Theirtravelpatterncanbeverydifferentfromoneyeartothenext.Consequently,itisadvisabletostudytheirmobilityneedsinaseparateandsegment-specificstudy.