高一英语概要写作材料选编.docx
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高一英语概要写作材料选编
高一英语故事续写训练
(1)
Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.
Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.Sodidthekingof Englandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.
Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:
clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?
Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.
Onepossibleversion:
Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要点1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要点2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要点3)However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.(要点4)
【范文点拨】
(一)要点分析
1.文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句,亮明了总的观点:
However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.换句话说:
Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirt.再结合下文谈到的主题可知Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirtontheskin.范文中的要点1“Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.”概括非常精炼。
2.第二段主要谈到了在16世纪,人们认为dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。
结合第三段第一句Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversince18century.可知,直到18世纪之前,人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”,有助于预防疾病。
范文中的要点2“Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.”很好地总结了这些要点。
3.第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…sincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea…可得出要点3“However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.”
4.文章最后一段第一句指出,现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同,Onthecontrary引出专家的观点,一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。
这一观点获得了一些支持。
范文中的要点4“However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.”表达很恰切。
(二)要点连接
文章概要,在写完了要点之后,下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接,使上下句之间具有连贯性。
本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构,要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反,因此,之间需要表示转折的连接词,范文用了However恰到好处。
要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同,因此,还是用表转折的连接词However。
不过小编认为,此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。
(三)关键词汇
第一段:
fixed(确定的;不变的) 第二段:
means(手段,方法),blockout(挡住),openup(打开),upon(……之后;立即) 第三段:
long-lived(长期存在的),selltheidea(说服某人接收某个观点)第四段:
warn off(警告某人不要靠近),position(观点),gainsomeground(取得优势)
以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键,如果不能准确领会其用意,语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。
所以,概要写作的基础是理解语篇,而读懂语篇的基础是词汇,尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
在此基础上,综合运用语法与句法结构,按照行文逻辑组织语言,形成概要。
读后续写训练六篇:
一、读后续写(25分)
Afarmergrewsomevegetablesinhisgarden.Onedayhiswifewasillandhehadnomoney.Hehadtosellsomecabbagesandcarrotsinthemarket.Thenextmorninghetooktwobasketsofvegetablestotown.Butitwasraininghardthatafternoonandtherewerefewpeopleinthestreet.Whenhisvegetablesweresoldout,itwasdark.Heboughtsomemedicineandhurriedtohisvillage.
Onhiswayhomehesawapersonlying onthesnow.Heplacedhisbasketsonthegroundandwasgoingtohelpthepersontogetup.Atthattimehefounditwasadeadmanandtherewasmuchbloodonhisbody.Hewasso afraid thathe ranaway quickly,withouttakingthebasketswithhim.
Thenextafternoonthefarmerwassentto thepolicestation.Havingshownthebaskets,anofficerasked,“Aretheseyours”“Yes,sir.”thefarmeransweredtimidly(胆怯地).“Haveyou killedtheman”“No,no,sir.”thefarmersaidinahurry.“Whendidyouseethedeadman”“Aboutsevenlastevening.”“Didyouseewhokilledtheman”“No,sir.”Theofficerbroughtoutaknifeandasked,“Haveyouseenityet”“No,sir.”Theofficerbecame angry andtoldthepolicemento beathimup andsenthimintoprison.theofficerwantedtotrapthefarmerintotheconfession(供认),butthefarmerdidn’tadmithewasthemurderer.
注意:
1. 所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为二段,每段的开头语已经为你写好;
4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain.
Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater,
参考范文:
Paragraph1
Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain. Thefarmerwasveryafraid,hethoughthewouldbesentencedtodeathbykillingpeople,buthedidn’t,hewasinnocent.Hemusttellpeoplethetruth,butnoonecouldhearhisvoice.hehopedthatsomeonecouldeandsavehim.
Paragraph2
Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater, ayoungmancametothepolicestationwithalotofjournalists,sayingthathesawthemurderer. Itwasthepoliceofficerwhokilledthemanonthesnow!
Hesawthepoliceofficeusedaknifekillingthemanlateintheevening.hewassofrightenedandranaway.Buttheyoungmanthoughtthefarmerwasinnocent. Sohetookthegreatcouragetoexposetherealcriminal.Aftertheinvestigation,theyoungmanwasright. Thepoliceofficerwassentintoprisonandthepolicemanwhobeatupthefarmerwasfired,andthebraveyoungmanwasregardedastheherobythevillagers
二、 读后续写(25分)
Iwasrespondingtoacallfromasmallbrick flat inaquietpartoftown.IassumedIwasbeingsenttopickupsome party-goers,orsomeonewhohadjusthadafightwithalover,oraworkerheadingtoanearlyshiftatsomefactoryfortheindustrialpartoftown.
WhenIarrivedat2:
30a.m., the building wasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.Undersuchcircumstances, many drivers justhonk(按喇叭) onceortwice,waitaminute,thendriveaway.ButIhadseentoomany weak peoplewhodependedontaxisastheironlymeansoftransportation.
Unlessasituationsmelledofdanger,Ialwayswenttothe door.
Thispassengermightbesomeonewhoneeds myassistance,Ireasonedtomyself.SoIwalkedtothedoorandknocked.“Justaminute,”answeredafrail,elderlyvoice.Icouldhearsomethingbeingdraggedacrossthefloor.Afteralongpause,thedooropened. Asmallwoman inher80sstoodbeforeme.Shewaswearingaprintdressandapillboxhat ,likesomebodyoutofa1940smovie.Byhersidewasasmallnylonsuitcase.
Theapartmentlookedasifnoonehadlivedinitforyears.Allthefurniturewascoveredwithsheets.Therewerenoclocksonthewalls, no equipment onthecounters.Inthecornerwasacardboardboxfilledwithphotosandglassware.
“Wouldyoucarrymybagouttothecar?
”shesaid.Itook thesuitcase tothecab,thenreturnedtoassistthewoman.Shetookmyarm,andwewalkedslowlytowardthecab.
Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It'snothing,”Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwouldwantmymothertreated.”
注意:
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为二段,每段的开头语已经为你写好;
4续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
Havinggivenmean address,ahospice,sheasked. “Couldyoudrivethroughdowntown?
”
Paragraph2:
wedroveinsilencetotheaddressshehadgivenme,andit…