南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件FitzgeraldThe Great Gatsby.docx

南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件FitzgeraldThe Great Gatsby.docx

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南开大学外国语学院美国文学课件FitzgeraldTheGreatGatsby

F.ScottFitzgerald（1896—1940）

Borninamiddle-classfamily，Fitzgeraldhadanexpensiveeducation．firstinprivateschools，andthenatPrinceton（普林斯顿大学）wherehedevelopedareputation．AmembershipintheTriangleC1ubandanacquaintancewithEdmundWilson（Wilson:

有影响的作家和文学评论家）arousedhisgreatenthusiasmforwriting．Hewrotefortheshowsoftheclubandbeganhisdreamsfortheupperclasslife．However，in1917，hehadtoleavePrinceton．

ThereasonprobablyliesinthefactthathisacademicdifficultieshumiliatedhimandtheWorldWarIofferedhimagoodexcusetostayawayforawhile。

Afterayear’sabsencefromuniversityhecamebacktoPrincetononlytostayforanotheryearinwhichhefinishedthedraftofhisfirstnovel,ThisSideofParadise（人间天堂，1920）．

Fitzgeraldthenhadaperiodof15monthsofmilitaryservice．DuringhismilitarytraininginAlabama，hefellhopelesslyinlovewithZeldaSayre，abeautifulsocialgirl．TheirmeetinglaterappearedinTheGreatGatsbywiththenamesofGatsbyandDaisy．Dischargedfromthearmyearlyin1919，Fitzgeraldfoundhimselfinafinancialtrap.Zeldasoonbroketheirengagement，butFitzgeralddidn’tgiveup．Hewasdeterminedtowinsuccess，fame，andZelda．Hewentbacktohisfather’shometorewritehisnovel．Eventuallyhisfirstnovel,ThisSideofParadise，appearedinMarch，1920．Init，ayoungmannamedAmoryBlainewhoistryingtoseekinnerpeaceseemstocatchthetoneoftheageafterWorldWarI：

asenseoffailure．Itwasanimmediatecommercialsuccess,andhewontheexpensivehandofZelda．

TheFitzgeraldssoonmadetheirfamebylivinganextravagantlife．Theirneedformoneywastremendous．Fitzgeraldhadtowriteatarapidspeedandmadeanincredibleamountofmoneytosupporttheircocktail-partylife．Morethan150shortstoriesmadehimpopularandrich．Butthemoneywentoutasquicklyasitcamein．Outofhisstoriescametwocollections，FlappersandPhilosophers（轻佻女郎与哲学家，1920）andTalesoftheJazzAge（爵士时代的故事，1922）（Theuseofboth“flapper”and“theJazz

Age”becamewidespreadhenceforward．）

In1922,Fitzgeraldpublishedhissecondnovel,TheBeautifulandtheDamned（美丽与毁灭,又名：

漂亮冤家）.Itwasessentiallyautobiographical,forhewroteagooddealofhimselfandZeldaintoit.Pervading（充满着）theirimprudent（不检点）andreckless（肆无忌惮的）merry-makinglife,anxietyandasenseoffailurehauntthewholebook.TheBeautifulandtheDamnedisregardedasaninitialattemptatwritingTheGreatGatsby.In1925Fitzgeraldpublishedhismasterpiece,TheGreatGatsby,whichtooktheliterarycirclebystorm,butdidn'tsellwell.AlltheSadYoungMen（一代悲哀的年轻人）,acollectionofshortstories,cameoutin1926.

OverthenexttwoyearsFitzgeraldwrotelittle.Hebegantofelladeclineinhiswritingpower.DesperatelyhewenttoHollywoodin1927toactasascreenwriter.LifewasextremelyhardfortheFitzgeraldsinthe1930s.Zeldasufferedanervousbreakdown;Fitzgeraldwasanxiousaboutmoney,histalent,hisreputation,andhishealth.Gloomy,depressedandlonely,heturnedtoalcoholto

seeksolace（安慰）.Heevenattemptedsuicidetwice.Duringthisperiod,hewroteanotherimportantnovel,TenderistheNight（夜色温柔，1934）,whichis,tosomeextent,anembodiment（体现）ofhisreallife.ItismainlyaboutDickDiver,ayoungAmericanpsychiatrist（精神病医生）,andhisintricateemotionallife,spiritualsterility（精神空虚）,andcompletedisillusionmentregardingloveandmoney.In1937,FitzgeraldimprovedandreturnedtoHollywood,wherehehadaloveaffairwithSheilahGraham.In1938,hewasdismissedfromhisworkandthereafterneverregainedhisconfidenceorhealth.Aheartattacktookhislifein1940andheleftanunfinishednovel,TheLastTycoon（最后的巨头，该书揭露了好莱坞好莱坞电影业的腐败）.Afterhisdeath,hisfriendEdmundWilsonhelpedtopublishthenovelin1940alongwithacollectionofessays,letters,andnotesunderthetitleofTheCrack-Upin1945.

Fitzgeraldwasregardedasthespokesmanofhistime,especiallyofthereckless1920s:

fastcars,illicitdrinking,wildmerry-making（纵情狂欢）,jazzmusic,popularfads（风尚）,andnewwealth.Helivedinit,yetheretainedacertaindistanceto"observeit".HisworksrevealtheemptinessoftheAmericanworshipofwealthandtheunendingAmericandreamoflove,splendor（名声显赫，业绩辉煌）,andfulfilleddesires.Moneyandlovearethetwothemesportrayedmostofteninhisworks.Hislifeexperiencestrengthenedhisbeliefthatmoneycancorrupteverything,includinglove.'Asasober（冷静，清醒）observer,Fitzgeraldsawdecadenceandcorruptionintheso-called"AmericanDream"andputtheminhisworks.

Fitzgeraldwontheacclaimofoneofthegreatstylists（风格出色）inAmericanliterature.T.S.Eliot'scommentonTheGreatGatsbysolidifiedFitzgerald'sliterarystatus:

"ItwasthefirststepthatAmericanfictionhastakensinceHenryJames"（T.S.Eliot,"LettertoScottFitzgerald"inFitzgerald,TheCrack-up垮掉的,p.310）.Inhisbriefnovels,heemployedsimple,vivid,graceful,precise,smoothandsensitivewordsandmetaphorstopresenttheexactpictureofthattimeandtoconveyhisvision.Hisskillfulmanipulationofthegeneralandthespecificandhisexcellentuseofthenarratorputhimintherankofgreatstylists.

SelectedReadingI:

TheGreatGatsby（ChapterThree）

Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemoths（飞蛾）amongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.Athightide（涨潮）intheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraft（跳水用的跳台）,ortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boats（摩托艇）slitthewaters（破浪驰骋）oftheSound（指LongIslandSound,长岛与康涅提格州之间的海岬地区）,drawingaquaplanesovercataractsoffoam（摩托艇拖着滑水板，浪花四溅地在波涛中疾速穿行）.Onweek-endshisRolls-Royce（名贵轿车品牌）becameanomnibus（接送人的通勤车）,bearingparties（大队人马）toandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagon（大型轿车）scampered（匆忙奔走）likeabriskyellowbug（疾速飞行的黄虫）tomeetalltrains（迎接乘坐每一班列车来的客人）.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextra（临时雇佣的）gardener,toiledalldaywithmopsandscrubbing-brushes（板刷子）andhammersandgarden-shears（园艺专用剪刀）,repairingtheravages（修复被损坏的…）ofthenightbefore.

EveryFridayfivecrates（木箱）oforangesandlemonsarrivedfromafruitererinNewYork--everyMondaythesesameorangesandlemonslefthisbackdoorinapyramid（堆成小山般的）ofpulplesshalves（对半切后被榨干果汁）.Therewasamachineinthekitchenwhichcouldextractthejuice（榨果汁）oftwohundredorangesinhalfanhourifalittlebuttonwaspressedtwohundredtimesbyabutler's（厨师）thumb.

Atleastonceafortnightacorpsofcaterers（一群承办宴席的人）camedownwithseveralhundredfeetofcanvas（几百英尺长的搭帐篷用的帆布）andenoughcoloredlightstomakeaChristmastreeofGatsby'senormousgarden.Onbuffettables,garnishedwithglisteninghors-d'oeuvre（摆放着颜色鲜艳的各种冷拼菜肴）,spicedbakedhams（切成薄片的咸火腿肉）crowdedagainstsaladsofharlequindesigns（色彩搭配怡人的色拉）andpastrypigsandturkeys（烤猪肉和火鸡）bewitchedtoadarkgold（烤成诱人的深黄色）.Inthemainhallabarwitharealbrassrailwassetup（用一根货真价实的铜栏杆辟出一间酒吧）,andstockedwithginsandliquors（杜松子酒和烈性酒）andwithcordials（加香料的烈性甜酒）solongforgottenthatmostofhisfemaleguestsweretooyoungtoknowonefromanother.

Byseveno'clocktheorchestrahasarrived,nothinfive-pieceaffair（并非是由五种乐器组成的简易乐队）,butawholepitful（演奏员能坐满一个剧院乐池的）ofoboesandtrombonesandsaxophonesandviolsandcornetsandpiccolos（有双簧管，长号，萨克斯管，中世纪传下来的viols式提琴，短号和短笛）,andlowandhighdrums（高\低音鼓）.Thelastswimmershavecomeinfromthebeachnowandaredressingup-stairs;thecarsfromNewYorkareparkedfivedeepinthedrive（许多轿车排成五行）,andalreadythehallsandsalonsandverandas（阳台）aregaudy（光彩夺目）withprimarycolors,andhairshorn（女宾的发型）instrangenewways,andshawlsbeyondthedreamsofCastile（女宾的各种披肩的花样款式，是以善织花边和头巾的西班牙Castile地区的能工巧匠做梦都想象不到的）Thebarisinfullswing,andfloatingroundsofcocktailspermeatethegardenoutside（一巡又一巡的鸡尾酒送到花园里，四处洋溢着酒香）,untiltheairisalivewithchatterandlaughter,andcasualinnuendoandintroductionsforgottenonthespot（宾客们互相介绍，招呼，但转眼之间就忘记对方）,andenthusiasticmeetingsbetweenwomenwhoneverkneweachother'snames.

Thelightsgrowbrighterastheearthlurchesawayfromthesun（太阳冉冉西下时）,andnowtheorchestraisplayingyellowcocktailmusic（轻快的鸡尾酒宴乐曲）,andtheoperaofvoicespitchesakeyhigher（园中大合唱般的交谈声又升高了一个八度）.Laughteriseasierminutebyminute（大笑声越来越频繁）,spilledwithprodigality（人们开始肆无忌惮）,tippedoutatacheerfulword（由打趣的话惹起阵阵大笑）.Thegroupschangemoreswiftly,swellwithnewarrivals,dissolveandforminthesamebreath;alreadytherearewanderers,confidentgirls（到处乱窜，自我感觉良好的姑娘们）whoweavehereandthereamongthestouterandmorestable,becomeforasharp,joyousmomentthecenterofagroup（当她们吸引了人们的目光，成为注视的焦点时，便感到十分愉快）,andthen,excitedwithtriumph,glideonthrough（穿行在）thesea-changeoffacesandvoicesandcolor（海浪般不断变幻的）undertheconstantlychanginglight（在变换闪烁的灯光下）.

SelectedReadingII:

TheGreatGatsby（ChapterNine）

Aboutfiveo'clockourprocessionofthreecarsreachedthecemetery（墓地）andstoppedinathickdrizzle（细雨迷蒙）besidethegate--firstamotorhearse,horriblyblackandwet（最前面的是黑得恐怖的湿淋淋的灵车）,thenMr.Gatz（Gatsby之父）andtheministerandIinthelimousine（大型轿车）,andalittlelaterfourorfiveservantsandthepostmanfromWestEgg,inGatsby'sstationwagon（招待会时接客人的专用车上载着佣人和邮差）,allwettotheskin.AswestartedthroughthegateintothecemeteryIheardacarstopandthenthesoundofsomeonesplashing（在泥水里噼啪走路的声音）afterusoverthesoggyground（泥泞的道路）.Ilookedaround.Itwasthewithowl-eyedglasses（戴着猫头鹰眼镜的男人）whomIhadfoundmarvelingoverGatsb