微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细文档格式.docx

微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细文档格式.docx

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thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources

equalityn.同等，平等;

[数]相等，等式;

thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsociety

externality[,ekstɜː'

næ

lɪtɪ]外部性

theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁观者;

局外人;

看热闹的人

incentive

somethingthatinducesapersontoact

Inflation[ɪn'

fleɪʃ（ə）n]

anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomy

marginalchanges

smallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofaction

marketeconomy

aneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized权力分散;

人口疏散;

密度分散;

decisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsastheyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservices

marketfailure

asituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocate分配，分派;

把…拨给;

英[ˈæ

ləkeɪt]resourcesefficiently

marketpower

theabilityofasingleeconomicactor（orsmallgroupofactors）tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketprices

opportunitycost

whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitem

productivity

thequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachunitoflaborinput

propertyrights

theabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresources

rationalpeople

peoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectives

scarcity

thelimitednatureofsociety’sresources

Chapter2

circular-flowdiagram

avisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;

家庭，户andfirms

macroeconomics[,mæ

krəʊiːkə'

nɒmɪks;

-ek-]

thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowth

microeconomics[,maɪkrəʊiːkə'

nɒmɪks

thestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarkets

normative['

nɔːmətɪv]标准的statements

claimsthatattempttoprescribe定，规定;

指定，规定;

美[prɪˈskraɪb]howtheworldshouldbe

positivestatements

claimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitis

productionpossibilitiesfrontier['

frʌntɪə）

agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology

Chapter3

absoluteadvantage

theabilitytoproduceagoodusingfewerinputsthananotherproducer

comparativeadvantage

theabilitytoproduceagoodataloweropportunitycostthananotherproducer

exports

goodsproduceddomestically美[də'

mestɪklɪ】合乎国内的andsoldabroad

imports

goodsproducedabroadandsolddomestically

Chapter4

competitivemarket完全竞争市场

amarketwithmanybuyersandsellers['

selə]tradingidentical同一的，完全相同的美[aɪˈdɛntɪkəl]productssothateachbuyerandsellerisapricetaker

Complements互补品['

kɑmpləmənt]

twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofoneleadstoadecreaseinthedemandfortheother

demandcurve需求曲线

agraphoftherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitydemanded

demandschedule需求表

atablethatshowstherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitydemanded

Equilibrium[,ikwɪ'

lɪbrɪəm]

均衡

asituationinwhichthemarketpricehasreachedthelevelatwhichquantitysuppliedequalsquantitydemanded

equilibriumprice均衡价格

thepricethatbalancesquantitysuppliedandquantitydemanded

equilibriumquantity

thequantitysuppliedandthequantitydemandedattheequilibriumprice

inferiorgood

劣质品[ɪn'

fɪərɪə]

agoodforwhich,otherthingsequal,anincreaseinincomeleadstoadecreaseindemand

lawofdemand

需求原理

theclaimthat,otherthingsequal,thequantitydemandedofagoodfallswhenthepriceofthegoodrises

lawofsupply

供给原理

theclaimthat,otherthingsequal,thequantitysuppliedofagoodriseswhenthepriceofthegoodrises

lawofsupplyanddemand

theclaimthatthepriceofanygoodadjuststobringthequantitysuppliedandthequantitydemandedforthatgoodintobalance

market

agroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice

normalgood

普通商品

agoodforwhich,otherthingsequal,anincreaseinincomeleadstoanincreaseindemand

quantitydemanded需求量

theamountofagoodthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchase

quantitysupplied

theamountofagoodthatsellersarewillingandabletosell

shortage

asituationinwhichquantitydemandedisgreaterthanquantitysupplied

substitutes

twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofoneleadstoanincreaseinthedemandfortheother

supplycurve

agraphoftherelationshipbetweenthepri