国际经济与贸易 外文翻译英文文献 国际海运业国际产业的国际规则文档格式.docx
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GLOBALREGULATIONFORAGLOBALINDUSTRY
Source:
[1]KrishnaPrasad,ChangingRoleofShip-Brokers,JournalofInformationTechnology,2004
[2]EuropeanCommunity,OverviewoftheInternationalCommercialShipbuildingIndustry,FirstMarineInternationalLimited.2003
[3]ICS,IMO,Internationalshipping:
GlobalRegulationForaGlobalIndustry,InternationalChamberofShipping,2007
ConclusionsfromModalWorkshop4
atthe2009InternationalTransportForum
StatementbytheInternationalChamberofShipping(ICS)andthe
InternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)
ThefollowingstatementreflectsthediscussionduringModalWorkshop4,
InternationalShipping:
GlobalRegulationforaGlobalIndustry,whichtookplaceatthe2009InternationalTransportForuminLeipzig,Germany,on27May2009.
Followingseveralyearsofincrediblybuoyantshippingmarkets,formanytradesthebestinlivingmemory,muchoftheinternationalshippingindustryhasfallenpreytotheworldwideeconomicdownturn.Shippingisinherentlytheservantoftheeconomy,sothecontractionintrade,followingthebeginningofthe‘creditcrunch’inlate2008,hastranslatedintoadramaticandabruptreductionindemandforshipping.
Initiallyworsthurtwerethecontainershiptrades.Bythespringof2009some
10%ofthefleetwasalreadylaidup,muchofittoomodernandexpensivetogotorecyclingyards.However,thedrybulktradeshavealsobeenseverely
affected,particularlybythereductionindemandforrawmaterialsfromChina,
withspotmarketfreightratesforsomebulkcarriersbeingafractionofthepeakpricesachievedin2008.ByApril2009,ratesforcrude,productandchemicaltankershadalsofallenverysharply.Ingeneralmostshippingmarketspresentaratherbleakpicture.
AmajorconcernofICSnationalshipowners’associationsthereforeisto
discouragegovernmentsfromrespondingtothecrisiswithprotectionist
measures,whichwillonlydamageworldtradefurther.Moreparticularly,
governmentsmustavoidmeasuresthatrestrictfairandopenaccesstoshippingmarkets.Althoughmostshippingtodayenjoysrelativelyliberalisedtradingconditionscomparedtothedaysofnationalcargoreservationinthe1980s,shippingisunusualinthatitisoneofthefewmajorindustriesnotyetcoveredbyaglobalmultilateraltradeagreement.However,theprospectofanewagreementundertheauspicesoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)looksincreasinglyuncertain.Theindustrymustthereforebeextremelyvigilantinreactingtoanymovestowardsprotectionisminmaritimetrades,especially
thoseusingsafetyandsecurityasapretext.
Theshippingindustrydoesnotexpectspecialtreatment,orthebillionsofdollarsofsupportbeinggrantedbysomegovernmentstothelikesofthebankingandautomobileindustries.However,tooperatecompetitivelyandefficientlyinverydifficultcircumstances,shippingrequiresthemaintenanceofaregulatory‘levelplayingfield’,andcontinuationofthecertaintynowprovidedbythetonnagetaxregimesthatapplytoshipownersinmanycountries.
Shippingisnotoriouslyvolatile,anditsmoreexperiencedpractitionersarefamiliarwiththecyclicalboomandbustnatureofmaritimefreightrates.However,thecontractionresultingfromthegeneralglobaldownturncouldwellbeexacerbatedbythelargenumberofnewbuildingsduetocomeintoserviceduringthenextfewyears,notwithstandingeffortsbymanyshipownerstocancelorrenegotiatecontracts.Manyoftheseshipswereorderedathighpricesatthetopofthemarket.
Inthefaceofthistwo-waypressure,thereislikelytobeaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofoldervesselsthatwillbesentfordismantlingandrecycling.Inviewoftheadoption,inMay2009,ofanewIMOConventiontoaddressconcernsaboutworkingandenvironmentalconditionsinshiprecyclingyards,theneedforgovernmentstoidentifyfacilitiesthatareacceptableforusewillbecomeallthemorepressing.
AstheIMOSecretary-Generalhasforcefullyidentified,financialpressuresontheindustrymustnotbeallowedtoresultinanyreductioninstandards.Muchhasbeenachievedinthelast20yearswithregardtosafetyandenvironmentalperformance,andnooneissuggestingamoratoriumonnewregulationsthatgenuinelyimprovesafety,whichisalwaystheindustry’soverridingpriority.However,governmentsneedtounderstandthatanyimmediateregulatoryandpolicydecisionstheytakemustavoidimpactingnegativelyonshippingasitstrugglestodealwiththecurrenteconomicsituation.
Notwithstandingthecurrentgloomanddoom,thelongertermoutlookfortheindustryremainsverygood.Theworld’spopulationcontinuestoexpand,andemergingeconomieswillcontinuetoincreasetheirrequirementsforthegoodsandrawmaterialsthatshippingtransportssosafelyandeffic