全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题与参考答案Word文档格式.doc
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4
tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech
5
ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled
6
one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential
7
toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.
Theideaisto
8
afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould
9
whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense
10
bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto
11
justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa
13
community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith
14
trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure
15
whichthetransactionruns”.
Still,theadministration’splanhas
16
privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;
othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould
17
beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith
18
bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet
19
.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe
20
toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.
1．
A.swept
B.skipped
C.walked
D.ridden
2．
A.for
B.within
C.while
D.though
3．
A.careless
B.lawless
C.pointless
D.helpless
4．
A.reason
B.reminder
C.compromise
D.proposal
5．
A.information
B.interference
C.entertainment
D.equivalent
6．
A.by
B.into
C.from
D.over
7．
A.linked
B.directed
C.chained
D.compared
8．
A.dismiss
B.discover
C.create
D.improve
9．
A.recall
B.suggest
C.select
D.realize
10．
A.relcased
B.issued
C.distributed
D.delivered
11．
A.carryon
B.lingeron
C.setin
D.login
12．
A.Invain
B.Ineffect
C.Inreturn
D.Incontrast
13．
A.trusted
B.modernized
c.thriving
D.competing
14．
A.caution
B.delight
C.confidence
D.patience
15．
A.on
B.after
C.beyond
D.across
16．
A.divided
B.disappointed
C.protected
D.united
17．
A.frequestly
B.incidentally
C.occasionally
D.eventually
18．
A.skepticism
B.relerance
C.indifference
D.enthusiasm
19．
A.manageable
B.defendable
C.vulnerable
D.invisible
20．
A.invited
B.appointed
C.allowed
D.forced
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text
1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:
ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;
howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theproba
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