英语词汇学串讲Word文档格式.docx
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ⅲ.Languagesbranches:
语系与语族,语系如:
印欧语系;
语族如:
一个大的语
系下分为那几个小的语族,如:
日尔曼语族,斯堪的纳维亚语族等。
ⅳ.Feathersofidioms:
习语的特点
Ⅳ.(10分)考试内容:
ⅰ.TypesofBoundMorphemes:
粘着词素的种类
ⅱ.TypesofWordFormations:
构词法的种类
ⅲ.TypesofMeaning:
词义的种类
ⅳ.TypesofMeaningofIdioms:
习语涵义的种类
Ⅴ.名词解释(10分):
Ⅵ.简答题(12分):
ⅰ.比较题:
两种理论/概念之间的区别就叫比较题,比如说‘概念意义与联想意
义有何区别,粘着词素与派生词根有何区别,两种事物与两种理论之间的区别等。
ⅱ.名词解释扩展题:
难的名词解释派生的简答题,如:
AffectedMeaning名词
解释起来太长了,放在简答题里,就成为:
WhatisAffectedMeaning,
brieflyexemplifyit.
ⅲ.Optional:
可考可不考的题,往往是给出名词让你举例子
Ⅶ.分析题(18分):
给出例子,让你用理论加以分析。
二.串讲内容:
Introduction部分:
Lexicology这门课算哪一种学科的分支:
Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics.
Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系:
1)Morphology2)Semantics3)Stylistics4)Etymology5)Lexicography
研究lexicology的两大方法:
1)Diachronicapproach:
历时语言学
2)Synchronicapproach:
共时语言学
e.g.wife
纵观历时语言学的方法论,woman词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式?
Woman的词义的变化算Narrowingorspecialization
第一章部分:
Whatisword?
词具有哪些特点?
词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。
1)Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguage;
2)Asoundunityoragivensound;
3)aunitofmeaning;
4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.
以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释
词的分类(classificationofaword)
词根据发音可以分为哪两种词?
或者说词根据拼写可以分为哪两类词?
1)simplewords2)complexwords
单音节词例子:
e.g.Manandfinearesimple
多音节词例子:
e.g.Management,misfortune,blackmail
management可以次划分为manage和-ment
misfortune可以次划分为mis-和fortune
blackmail次划分为black和mail
Whatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?
1)Thereis‘nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundandactualthing.
e.g.dog.cat
2)Therelationshipbetweenthemisconventional.
3)Indifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedby
differentsounds.
Whatisrelationshipbetweensoundandform?
1)Thewrittenformofanaturallanguageisthewrittenrecordof
theoralform.Naturallythewrittenformshouldagreewiththeoral
form,suchasEnglishlanguage.
2)ThisisfairlytrueofEnglishinitsearlieststagei.e.OldEnglish
3)Withthedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoredifferences
occurbetweenthetwo.
Whatarethegreatchangesthatcausesillogicalrelationshipor
irregularitybetweensoundandform?
1)TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwas
adoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparateletterto
representeachsoundinthelanguagesothatsomelettersmustdo
doubledutyorworktogetherincombination.
2)Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidly
thanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfar
apart.
3)Athirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbythe
earlyscribes.
4)Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelof
enrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.
要记住以上四句话中的关键词:
1)influencedbyRomans
2)Pronunciationchanged
3)earlyscribes
4)borrowing
你能不能举出外来语对英语发音,拼写造成不一致的例子有哪些?
e.g.stimulus(L),fiesta(Sp),eureka(Gr),kimono(Jap)
外来语对英语造成的最大的影响就是‘soundandform’不一致。
Whatisvocabulary?
Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,but
itcanstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.
Vocabularyalsoreferstoallthewordsofagivendialect,givenbook,
agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.
ClassificationofWords(本课的一个重点,年年考试都考)
Whatistheclassificationofwords?
Howtoclassifywordsin
linguistics?
Threecriteria:
1)Byuseoffrequency
2)Bynotion
3)Byorigin
Byuseoffrequency可划分为:
1)Thebasicwordstock
2)Nonbasicwordvocabulary
Bynotion可划分为:
1)Contentword
2)Functionalword
Contentwordsarealsoknownasnotionalwords.(Contentwords的别称)
Functionalwordsarealsoknownasemptywords,orformwords.(
Functionalwords的别称)
Functionalwordspossessesacharacteristicofbasicwordstock,i.e.
stability
AccordingtoStuartRobertson,etal(1957),*(年年考试必考)thenine
functionalwords,namely,and,be,have,it,of,the,to,will
you
Whatarethecharacteristicsofbasicwordstock?
1)Allnationalcharacter
2)Stability
3)Productivity
4)Polysemy
5)Collocability
要把握住‘Allnationalcharacter’的词,就是和我们日常生活息息相关的,最普通的词
稳定性是基本词的一个很大特点,请你举例说明?
e.g.man,woman,fire,water…
e.g.machine,video,telephone…
e.g.bow,chariot,knight
Stabilityisrelative,notabsolute.
根据词的usefrequency划分出的基本词之外,还有一类词叫作Nonebasic
vocabulary,非基本词有几大特点?
或者是几大分类?
1)Terminology
e.g.sonata,algebra
2)Jargon
e.g.Bottomline(Jargon)
3)Slang
e.g.smoky,bear(Slang)
4)Argot
e.g.persuader
5)Dialectalwords
e.g.station(AusE=ranch)
bluid(ScotE=blood)
6)Archa