第三章 发展心理学Chapter iii development psychology.docx

第三章 发展心理学Chapter iii development psychology.docx

《第三章 发展心理学Chapter iii development psychology.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第三章 发展心理学Chapter iii development psychology.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

第三章发展心理学Chapteriiidevelopmentpsychology

第三章发展心理学（Chapteriiidevelopmentpsychology）

Chapteriiidevelopmentpsychology

Section1overview

?

Theresearchobjectofunit1developmentalpsychology

?

Developmentalpsychologyisabranchofpsychology,whichstudiesthepsychologicaldevelopmentofindividualsfrombirthtodeath,andsummarizesthelawsofpsychologicaldevelopment.

?

Thefivebasicpropertiesofpsychologicaldevelopment:

directionalandsequential;Imbalance;Universalityanddifference;Thedialecticalunityofgrowthanddecline;Unityofcontinuityandstage

?

Developmentalpsychology:

thebasiccharacteristicsofmentaldevelopmentinallages;Toclarifythedevelopmentprocessandcharacteristicsofvariouspsychologicalfunctions;Toexploretheinnermechanismofpsychologicaldevelopment;Studythebasicprincipleofpsychologicaldevelopment

?

Unit2.Briefhistoryofdevelopmentpsychology

?

Publishedin1882,theGermanphysiologistandexperimentalpsychologist,"children'smind"markedthebirthofscientificchildpsychology

?

Developmentofchildpsychology:

hall--speech;Beta-intelligencetest;Gesell-childdevelopmentnorm;

?

Theoreticalfaction:

hall--speech;Strumen--theschoolofpersonality;Dewey--functionalism,childcenter,behaviorism;Freud--psychoanalytictheory;Watson--behaviorism;Piaget--epistemology;Vygotsky-culture-historicaldevelopmentview

?

Thethirdunitdevelopmentpsychologyresearchmethod

?

Crosssectionalstudy

?

Definition:

inashorttimeperiod,samegroupofsubjectsofdifferentagegroupsatthesametimethepsychologicaldevelopmentcharacteristicsanddevelopmentlevel,andthehorizontalcomparison,inordertounderstandpsychologicalchangebetweensubjectswithagegroup.

?

Advantages:

largesample,bigdata,lowcost.Disadvantages:

itisdifficulttoobtaintheindividualpsychologicalcontinuouschangecourse;Itisdifficulttounderstandthecausalrelationshipinpsychologicalchange;Intergroupdifferencesmaynotbeafactorinpsychologicaldevelopment

?

Longitudinalstudy

?

Definition:

inalongertimeseries,aregularsystematicreviewofthesubjectsorgroupsofsubjectsisconductedtounderstandthecontinuouschangesinthepsychologyovertime.Longitudinalstudiesarealsocalledtrackingstudies

?

Advantages:

easytounderstandtheindividualpsychologicalcontinuouschangeprocess;Itiseasytorevealquantitativeandqualitativechanges.Facilitatethediscoveryofacausalrelationshipinpsychologicalchange.Disadvantages:

fewsamplesandeasytolose;Longtime,newvariablesareproduced;Repeatedmeasurementscanleadtorepeatedeffects;Thehighcost

?

Crossoverstudy

?

Startwithtransectiondirectionmakesacross-sectionalstudyofdifferentagegroupsandinacertaintimeinterval,thesamesubjectsintherequirednumberofrepeatsurvey,makeitbecomealongitudinalstudy,sothatthecrosssectionalstudyandlongitudinalstudytogether

?

Thetheoryofunit4psychologicaldevelopment

?

Theoryofpsychologicaldevelopmentofmajorfactions:

piaget'stheoryofcognitivedevelopment;Eriksson'seight-stagetheoryofpersonalitydevelopment;Bandura'stheoryofsociallearning;Vygotsky'sculture-historicaldevelopmenttheoryandpsychologicaldevelopmentview;Kolberg'stheoryofmoraldevelopment

?

Piaget'stheoryofcognitivedevelopment

?

Thebasicfactorinfluencingchildren'spsychologicaldevelopment:

maturity;Experience;Socialenvironment;balance

?

Thestageofmentaldevelopment

?

Sensorimotorstage（0~2yearsold）perceptualmotorthinkinglevel

?

Pre-operationalstage（2~6,7yearsold）

?

Theconcreteoperationalstage（6,7,11,12）dependsontheleveloflogicalthinkingsupportedbyspecificexperience

?

Formaloperationalstage（11,12-14,15）abstractlogicalthinkinglevel

?

Threestagesofmoralcognitivedevelopment

?

Theformermoraljudgmentstage（4~5yearsold）childrencannotjudgetheconsequencesofdirectaction;

?

Themoraljudgmentstage（4,5and8,9yearsold）isgovernedbythevaluecriteriaotherthanthechildrenthemselves,accordingtothematerialconsequencesoftheiractions,regardlessofthemotiveoftheactor

?

Theself-disciplinemoraljudgmentstage（8,9yearsold）isdominatedbythechildren'sownvaluestandard,andtheindividual'sconsciencehastherelativeautonomy.

?

?

Erikssonpersonalitydevelopmenteightstagetheory1

?

Pre-infant（0~2yearsold）:

themaindevelopmenttaskofthisstageistogaintrustandovercomeskepticism.Goodpersonalitytraitsarethequalitiesofhope.

?

（2~4yearsold）:

themaindevelopmenttaskofthisstageistogainautonomyandtoovercomethesenseofshame.Goodpersonalitytraitsarethequalitiesofthewill.

?

Juvenileperiod（4~7yearsold）:

themaindevelopmenttaskofthisstageistogaininitiativefeelingandov