职称英语综合类A级阅读理解专项试题二Word下载.docx
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sAssemblyLine
Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives,youcannotoverlookHenryFord.AhistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing,everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwaytomakecars--one,strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses(屠宰场).
Backintheearly1900'
s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda"
disassemblyline"
.Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanothercomponenttoit,thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrialdevelopment,tellswhathappened:
"
Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,theassemblyteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson."
Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,Fordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed(拖,拉)pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Itwasn'
tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,couldnotaffordthem.Soon,automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact,heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today,aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation(自动化),everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.
Thephrase"
turningout"
inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby
A"
producing"
.
B"
selling"
C"
buying"
D"
fixing"
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
3.0分
第2题
WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?
AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.
BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.
CHeinspiredotherautomakers.
DHechangedthemindsofhistorians.
D
第3题
Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor
Aanautomobile.
Baproductionline.
Capartofanautomobileengine.
Dadisassemblyline.
C
第4题
TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord
Atocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed.
Btowriteabookonhistory.
Ctoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260.
Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%.
第5题
Thewritermentions"
slaughterhouses"
becausetheyweretheplaceswhere
AFord'
sassemblylineoriginated.
BFordmadehisfirstcar.
CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.
DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.
第6题
Play
Playistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy,everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,andthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmainfunctionistosuggest,encourageandassistplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,andwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfordifferentstagesofachild'
sdevelopment.
Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy'
sabilitytoprofitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedandstimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.
Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability.Bricksandjigsaws(七巧板)andconstructiontoys;
painting,scribbling(涂鸦)andmakingthings;
sandandwaterplay;
toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;
thefirstsocialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.
Bythethirdstageofplaydevelopment--fromfivetosevenoreightyears--thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,athomeoratschool.ItiseasiertoseeWhichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.Butoncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemains