玉米脱粒机设计毕业设计论文Word格式.docx
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三是西南丘陵玉米区,包括云贵等省,约占播种面积15%。
三大玉米产区种植面积占全国80%以上。
大力发展粮食生产机械化,提高劳动生产率和粮食单产,改善粮食品质,节约生产成本,是增加粮食主产区农民收入的一条重要途径。
研究玉米脱粒机的设计,发展玉米生产机械化,对于稳定和提高我国粮食生产能力,减轻农民负担,提高农业的生产率,提高农业收入,具有重要意义。
第一、解决粮食供给问题的需要。
我国有13亿人口,每年还纯增人口1000多万,耕地逐年减少,粮食供给形式十分严峻。
国外曾有人预言,21世纪中国的粮食难以自给,甚至提出“谁来养活中国”的论调,进而得出了中国威胁论。
为了使这些预言破产,同时也真正解决我国庞大人口的实际粮食需求,解决我国粮食安全问题,我国采取可扩大玉米种植面积和提高玉米单产等多项措施。
其中,提高单产靠选用高产优良品种、紧凑型玉米种植模式、覆盖、移栽、机械收获等措施。
我国粮食问题从长远来看,不单是口粮问题,还有饲料问题,其中主要是玉米问题。
因为随着人民生活水平提高,饮食文化的提高,人均口粮下降,需要更多的饲料,而饲料首选作物是玉米。
玉米面积的不断扩大,单产不断提高,对玉米生产机械化发展提出了客观需求。
第二、对提高玉米产量的需求。
我国玉米总产量居世界第二,但单产却比美国低56%,位居世界第28位,增产潜力极大。
粮食的增产,带来农民收入的提高,必将推动玉米生产机械化的发展。
玉米收获作为玉米生产的主要环节,也是玉米生产实现机械化不可逾越的关隘。
第三、发展玉米生产机械化是农业生产的必然,也是农业机械化发展的客观要求。
解决玉米生产的机械化间题是广大农民群众的迫切要求,是农业生产的急需,玉米生产机械化水平低,尤其是收获机械化水平极低,已经成为制约农业机械化发展的瓶颈。
目前,收获机械化程度很低,收获基本靠人工完成,劳动强度大,效率低,“三秋”时间拖得很长,有些地区(一年两熟地区)影响适时种麦。
因此,提高玉米收获机械化水平已成为当务之急。
关键词:
农业,玉米,脱粒机,粮食,发展
Abstract
Chinaisalargeagriculturalcountry,
agricultureisthefoundationofthenational
economy.
Thepartyandgovernment
attachgreatimportancetothe
problemofcountryside,
agricultureandfarmers.
SixteenNationalCongressoftheCPC
putforward,
urbanandruraleconomicandsocialdevelopment,
buildmodernagriculture,developtheruraleconomy,
increasingtheincomeoffarmers,
isthe
majortaskofbuildingawell-offsociety.
Theconstructionofmodernagriculture,
promoteagriculturalindustrialization
andmodernization,
improvingthecompetitivenessofagriculturalproducts,
increasetheincomeoffarmers,
to
speedupthedevelopmentofagriculturalmechanization.
Thisis
animportantmeasuretosolvethe
agriculturalworkefficiency
islow,
theeconomicbenefitisnothigh,
butalso
reducethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry,
theimportantconditiontoimprove
theoveralllevelof
agricultureandruralareas.
Cornisoneofthethree
majorgrain
cropsinChina,
butalsoanimportant
feed
andindustrialrawmaterials.
Ourannual
plantingareaof367000000
mu,
atpresentourcountry
hasformed
threemajor
maize
productionarea.
Oneisthe
Northmaizeregion,
includingJilin,
Heilongjiang,
Liaoning,
Hebeiandotherprovincesandcities,
thesownareaaccountedfor40%;
twois
theHuangHuaiplainspring
corn
region,
includingShandong,
Henan,
Jiangsuandotherprovincesandcities,
theplantingareaof
25%;
threeisthe
regioninSouthwest
Hilly,
including
theYunnanGuizhou
Province,
accountingforabout
15%of
thesownarea.
Thethreemajor
cornproducingareas
ofplantingareaaccountsfor
morethan80%.
Wewillvigorouslydevelopgrain
productionmechanization,
improvelaborproductivity
and
improvethe
grainyield,
grainquality,
savingthecostofproduction,
is
animportantwayto
increasetheincomeoffarmers
inmajorgrainproducingareas.
Designandresearch
ofcornthresher,
thedevelopmentofthecornproduction
mechanization,
tostabilize
andimprovegrain
productioncapacityinChina,
reducefarmerburden,improveagricultural
productivity,
improvetheagriculturalincome,
hasthevitalsignificance.
First,
tosolvetheproblemoffood
supply.
Chinahasapopulationof1300000000,
annual
netincreaseof
about10000000population,
cultivatedland
isdecreasingyearbyyear,
thefoodsupply
situationisveryaustere.
Foreignhad
predicted,
twenty-firstCentury
Chinese
food
self-sufficiency,
andeventhe"
whowillfeed
Chinese"
argument,thenthatthe
China
threat.
Inordertomakethese
predictionsofbankruptcy,
solve
theactualfood
demandofChina'
s
hugepopulation,
solving
theproblemoffoodsecurityinChina,
ourcountryadopted
can
expandtheplantingarea
ofmaizeand
yield
anumberofmeasuressuchas.
Amongthem,
increasingtheyieldperunitarea
onthe
selectionof
high-yieldvarieties,
compacttypemaize
croppingpattern,
coverage,
transplanting,harvestingmachinery
andothermeasures.
ThefoodprobleminChina
inthelongrun,
isnotonlythe
issueofrations,
feedproblem,
whichisthemain
problemof
maize.
Withthe
improvementofpeople'
slivingstandard,foodculture
improve,
percapita
down,
needmore
feed,
crop
preferred.
Themaizeareacontinuestoexpand,
improveyields,
theobjective
demand
of
thedevelopmentofcornproduction
mechanization.
Second,
increasetheyieldofmaize
demand.
China'
totalcorn
productionrankssecondintheworld,
buttheyieldis
lowerthan56%
America,
rankingtwenty-eighthintheworld,
great
yieldpotential.
Thegrainyield,
bring
theincreaseoffarmers'
income,
willpromotethe
dev