汽车构造英文版版Word文档下载推荐.docx

汽车构造英文版版Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Engine

Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:

thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:

gasoline（alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine）anddiesel（alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine）.Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;

theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.

Body

Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.

Chassis

Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.

Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.

Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.

Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.

Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.

ElectricalEquipment

Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator（orgenerator）.Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'

smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.

NewWords

Principalcomponent主要部件

category种类，类型

body车身

chassis底盘

layout

布置

powerunit动力装置

internalcombustionengine内燃机

cylinder

汽缸

gasoline汽油

spark火花

ignition点燃，点火

diesel

柴油机

compression压缩

shaft轴

transmission传动系

sheetmetal

金属板

shell外壳

hood（发动机）罩

trunkdeck行李舱盖

cargo货物

styling样式

assembly总成，装配

suspension悬挂，悬置

shock冲击

steering

转向，操纵

brake刹车，制动器

clutch离合器

gearbox变速器

driveshaft

传动轴

finaldrive主减速器，后桥

differential差速器

slowdown

（使）慢下来，减速

horn喇叭

starter起动机

charge充电

alternator

交流发电机

ReviewQuestions

1.Listthemainpartsofanautomobile

2.Whatarethecommontypesofavehicleaccordingtobodystyling

3.Whichsystemsdoesachassisincludeandwhatarethemainfunctionsofthechassis

4.Whyaresuspensionsystemsusedonvehicles

CHAPTER2INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE

principleofoperation

2.1.1Engineandpower

Engineisusedtoproducepower.Thechemicalenergyinfuelisconvertedtoheatbytheburningofthefuelatacontrolledrate.Thisprocessiscalledcombustion.Ifenginecombustionoccurswiththepowerchamber.,theengineiscalledinternalcombustionengine.Ifcombustiontakesplaceoutsidethecylinder,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.

Engineusedinautomobilesareinternalcombustionheatengines.Heatenergyreleasedinthecombustionchamberraisesthetemperatureofthecombustiongaseswiththechamber.Theincreaseingastemperaturecausesthepressureofthegasestoincrease.Thepressuredevelopedwithinthecombustionchamberisappliedtotheheadofapistontoproduceausablemechanicalforce,whichisthenconvertedintousefulmechanicalpower.

2.1.2EngineTerms

Linkingthepistonbyaconnectingrodtoacrankshaftcausesthegastorotatetheshaftthroughhalfaturn.Thepowerstroke“usesup”thegas,someansmustbeprovidedtoexpeltheburntgasandrechargethecylinderwithafreshpetrol-airmixture:

thiscontrolofgasmovementisthedutyofthevalves;

aninletvalveallowsthenewmixturetoenterattherighttimeandanexhaustvalveletsouttheburntgasafterthegashasdoneitsjob.Enginetermsare:

TDC（TopDeadCenter）:

thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisfartherawayfromthecrankshaft.

BDC（BottomDeadCenter）:

thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisnearesttothecrankshaft.

Stroke:

thedistancebetweenBDCandTDC;

strokeiscontrolledbythecrankshaft.

Bore:

theinternaldiameterofthecylinder.

Sweptvolume:

thevolumebetweenTDCandBDC.

Enginecapacity:

thisisthesweptvolumeofallthecylinder.afour-strokehavingacapacityoftwoliters（2000cm）hasacylindersweptvolumeof50cm.

Clearancevolume:

thevolumeofthespaceabovethepistonwhenitisatTDC.

Compressionratio=（sweptvol+clearancevol）\（clearancevol）

Two-stroke:

apowerstrokeeveryrevolutionofthecrank