北理工《综合英语》期末考试精选题汇总含答案解析 36Word文档格式.docx
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答题要求:
一、第一至第四部分的正确答案一律按要求用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上(从方框的左端穿过字母中间划向方框右端,不要超出方框两端,浓度盖过字母底色).
第五、六部分的翻译和写作写在末尾页,并在相应处填写考生信息.考试结束时只交答题卡和试卷答题纸.
二、机读卡填写方法:
远程学生直接用签字笔或圆珠笔把15位准考证号填入答题卡学生代号下的方框内,再用2B铅笔填涂下面相应的数字方框.函授学生第一位先填"
0"
,然后填写14位学号.非2B铅笔标准填涂或信息有误者,答题卡将无法读出而显示0分.
请仔细填涂个人信息并核对!
PartI:
ReadingComprehension(2*15=30)
Directions:
Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”
Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.
BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.
“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.
‘‘Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol:
’hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”
Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”
“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.'
'
LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.
“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”
1.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?
A)Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.
B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.
C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.
D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.
2.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?
A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.
B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.
C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.
D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.
3.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?
A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.
B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.
C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.
D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.
4.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?
A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.
B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.
C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.
D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'
sagingprocess.
5.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?
A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.
B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.
C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.
D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.
Passage2
Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.
Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.
“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,”saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity’sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:
'
Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat’sclearlysolidpraise,’butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionalor