The Purity in Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》中的纯洁品质Word文档格式.docx

The Purity in Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》中的纯洁品质Word文档格式.docx

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1.Introduction

1.1BriefintroductionofCharlesDickens

CharlesDickenswasbornon7February1812,atMileEndTerraceintheespeciallysigncant,a‘lucky’dayfornewbeginnings.Hisparents,JohnandElizabeth,wereayoung,lively,easy-goingcouplewhohadmovedtotheareaontheirmarriageinJune1809,tobenearthedockswhereJohnwasemployedasaclerkintheNavyPayOffice.TheyalreadyhadadaughterbeforeDickenswasborn.

InDickensearlychildhood,helivedarichandhappylife.Likemanychildren,five-year-oldDickensreceivedhisfirstlessonsfromhismother.Andthenhealsoreceivedaneducationfromaprivateschool.However,hisparentshadneverrestrictedtheirfinanceandtheyoftenhostedlargeparties.Bytheendof1823thefamilyfinanceswereinadesperatestate.Hehadtotaketheresponsibilityoftheheavyhouseworkathis11.WhenDickenswas12,heandhisfamilyweresenttoprisonbecauseofthedebt.Hespentsometimesinthefactoryasalaboringchild.Thehorrificconditionsinthefactoryhauntedhimfortherestofhislife,sodidtheexperienceofthetemporaryorphanhood.

Afterinheritingsomemoney,Dickens’sfathergotoutofprisonandDickensreturnedtoschool.Athis15,heworkedattheLawofficeasanapprentice,andthenaClerkAssistantandalsoaCourtRecorders.Athisbeginningof20,hewasstaringtobeareporterinnewspaperoffice.In1836,acollectionentitledSketchesbyBozearnedhimrecognitionasawriter.AndDickensbecamemorefamousbecauseofhisfirstnovelThePickwickPaperspublishedinthesameyear.

In1836,DickensandCatherineHogarthgotmarry,butafter20yearsofmarriageandtenchildren,DickensfellinlovewithEllenTernan,whowasanactress.Soonafter,Dickensandhiswifeseparated,endingalongseriesofmaritaldifficulties.

Dickensremainedaprolificwritertotheendofhislife,andhisnovel,amongthemOliverTwist,GreatExpectation,ATaleofTwoCity,AChristmasCarol,DavidCopperfield,andBleakHouse,continuedtoearncriticalandpopularacclaim.

1.2CharlesDickens’sOliverTwist

In1837,thefirstinstallmentofOliverTwistappearedinthemagazineBentleyMiscellany,whichDickenswasthenediting.

ThemainrolewasaboycalledOliverTwist.Hewasborninaworkhousein1830sEngland.Hismother,whosenamenooneknew,wasfoundonthestreetanddiesjustafterOliver’sbirth.Oliverspentthefirstnoneyearsofhislifeinabadlyrunhomeforyoungorphansandthenwastransferredtoaworkhouseforadults.AnyonecouldbullyOliver,includingotherboysintheworkhouseandchurchman.

Afterexperiencingtheapprenticelife,andthehardescape,Oliverwasstillinvolvedinthedenofthieves,actingincollusionwiththecriminalandlivingaverysorrowfultime.Withthehelpofthekind-heartedpeople,likeNancy,RoseMaylieandherfamilyandsoon,Oliverfoundouthisrelationsandreceivedahappylifefinally.

ThepassionbehindOliverTwist,animatedinpartbyDickens’sownchildhoodexperiencesandinthepartbyhisoutrageatthelivingconditionsofthepoorthathehadwitnessedasajournalist,touchedhiscontemporaryreaders.

1.3SocialEnvironment1

Withgreatsuccess,OliverTwistwasathinlyveiledprotestagainstthePoorLawof1834,whichdictatedthatallpubliccharitymustbechanneledthroughworkhouse.

Englandinthe1830swasrapidlyundergoingatransformationfromagriculture,ruraleconomytoanurban,industrialnation.Thegrowingmiddleclasshadachievedaneconomicinfluenceequalto,ifnotgreaterthan,thatoftheBritisharistocracy.Meanwhile,themiddleclassaskedfortheshareofpoliticalpowerwiththelandedgentry.Andthisclaimbroughtaboutarestrictionofthevotingsystem.ThedesiregainingsociallegitimacyofthemiddleclassgaverisetotheEvangelicalreligiousmovementandinspiredsweepingeconomicandpoliticalchange.

InEnglish,thehighclasswasthe‘gentleclass’,andtheydidnotneedtoworkforhisliving.Yetthemiddleclasshadtoworktoearnhiswealth.Sotheypromotedworkasamoralvirtuetoalleviatethestigma.Asaresult,themoralvalueattachedtowork,alongwiththemiddleclass’sinsecurityaboutitsownsociallegitimacy,ledEnglishsocietytosubjectthepoortohatredandcruel.Manymembersofmiddleclasswereeagertoseparatethemfromthelowerclassandoneofthewaystodothiswastodefamethelowerclassaslazyandgood-for-notingperson.

InVictoriansociety,peopleregardedthesuccessineconomicasasign,thatistosay,Godfavoredthehonest,moralvirtueofthesuccessfulindividual’sefforts,and,thus,interpretedtheconditionofpovertyasasignoftheweaknessofthepoorindividual.

2.TheanalysisoftheMajorroles

2.1OliverTwist

2.1.1Thebriefintr