级英语语言学概论IIChapter6期末考研复习题Word文档格式.docx

级英语语言学概论IIChapter6期末考研复习题Word文档格式.docx

《级英语语言学概论IIChapter6期末考研复习题Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《级英语语言学概论IIChapter6期末考研复习题Word文档格式.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

2.cognition

3.psycholinguistics

4.theInnatenessHypothesis

5.cognitivelinguistics

6.construalandconstrualoperations

7.categorization

8.metaphor

9.metonymy

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithoneproperword.

1.Fromtheperspectiveofcognitivelinguistics,thesentenceHeisamachineincludesa___________.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Makethechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.（10%）

1.Howdoesthetop-downapproachdifferfromthebottom-upapproachinlanguageprocessing?

A）Bottom-upprocessingismoreeffectivethantop-downprocessinginspeechsynthesis.

B）Bottom-upprocessingutilizesallinformationonehasinspeechperception.

C）Top-downprocessingusesone’sexistingknowledgeandtheincomingspeechsignal.

D）Top-downprocessingismoreefficientthanbottom-upprocessinginspeechcomprehension.

2.______________isdefinesasconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettings.

A）Competence

B）Performance

6.Whichofthefollowingincludeametonymy?

A）Bythishourthevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.

B）Thekettleboils.

C）Hehasaheartofstone.

D）Theyhaveafleetoffiftysails.

4.________isthestudyofpsychologicalaspectsoflanguage;

itusuallystudiesthepsychologicalstatesandmentalactivityassociatedwiththeuseoflanguage.

A）Psycholinguistics

B）Sociolinguistics

C）Historicallinguistics

D）Generallinguistics

7.Whichofthefollowingisforegrounded?

A）The1960dreamofhighriselivingsoonturnedintoanightmare.

B）Thespeechwasmade29October1941totheboysatChurchill’soldpublicschool.

C）Neverinthefieldofhumanconflictwassomuchowedbysomanytosofew.

D）Tomdidn’tleaveforBeijingyesterday.

8.Whichofthefollowingincludeametonymy?

B）Landsbelongtothecrown.

IV.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.（10%）

1.Metonymyinvolvesusingthefamiliartostandfortheunfamiliar.

2.Theutterancemeaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.

3.Languageacquisitionreferstotheprocessinvolvedincreatingandexpressingmeaningthroughlanguage.

4.Structuralmetaphormeansthathumanexperienceswithphysicalobjectsprovidethebasisforwaysofviewingevents,activities,emotions,ideas,etc.,asentitiesandsubstances.

5.Superordinatecategoriesarethemostgeneralones.Themembersofasuperordinatecategorydonothaveenoughfeaturesincommontoconjureupacommongestaltatthislevel.

6.Cognitivelinguisticsistodayrepresentedbythreemainapproaches:

theexperientialview,theprominenceviewandtheattentionalviewoflanguage.

V.Shortanswerquestions.

1.Whatisthecognitiveinterpretationofimageschema?

2.Whatisblendingtheory?

VI.Shortessaywriting

1.Describethethreecategoriesofconceptualmetaphors.

2.Describethefactorsinfluencingsentencecomprehension.

Keys:

1.Languageacquisitionreferstothegradualdevelopmentofabilityinalanguagebyusingitnaturallyincommunicativesituations.TheLearningofanativeorfirstlanguagereferstofirstlanguageacquisition（FLA）,andthelearningofasecondorforeignlanguageiscalledsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）.

（Languageacquisitionisoneofthecentraltopicsinpsycholinguistics.Acquiringafirstlanguageissomethingeverychilddoessuccessfully,inamatteroffewyearsandwithouttheneedforformallessons.Fourphasesareidentifiedandacknowledgedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition:

holophrasticstage,two-wordstage,three-wordutterances,and,fluentgrammaticalconversationstage.）

2.Cognition---Page115

⏹Mentalprocesses,informationprocessing

⏹Mentalprocessorfacultyofknowing,includingawareness,perception,reasoning,andjudgment.

3.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyofpsychologicalaspectsoflanguage;

itusuallystudiesthepsychologicalstatesandmentalactivityassociatedwiththeuseoflanguage.Animportantfocusofpsycholinguisticsisthelargelyunconscioususeofgrammaticalrulesthatenablepeopletoproduceandcomprehendintelligiblesentences.Psycholinguisticsinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.Itisalsoconcernedwithhowlanguagearelearned,andtheroletheyplayinourthinking.---Page117

4.TheInnatenessHypothesiswasproposedbyChomsky.Itsaysthattheabilitytoacquireahumanlanguageispartofthebiologicallyin