绍兴市学年高二英语第一学期高中期末调测Word文档格式.docx

绍兴市学年高二英语第一学期高中期末调测Word文档格式.docx

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第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（共10小题；

每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，的从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Thediseasemalaria（疟疾）hascausedtroubletomankindthroughouthistory.Inthe1860s,asthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.Everycountryintheworldthenpouredhugeamountsofhumanresourcesintodiscoveringanotheranti-malariadrug.In1964,ChinaputforwardtheplantoseekabreakthroughfromamongtraditionalChinesemedicinaldrugs.Therewasnogreatdiscoveryuntil1981,whenChinesescientistTuYouyougaveaspeechtitled“ChemicalResearchintoArtemisinin（青蒿素）”,ataninternationalconferenceoftheWHO.Thespeechwasregardedasalifelineformalariasufferers.

TuYouyougraduatedfromtheMedicalCollegeofPekingUniversity.In1969,justastheresearchintotreatingmalariahadreachedadeadend,the39-year-oldTu,inordertoovercomethisterribleproblem,tookonthejobasheadofaresearchteamintothisproblem.ThefirstthingTudidwasinterviewexperienceddoctorsofChinesemedicine.ThensheandhercolleaguesconductedvariouskindsofexperimentsonhundredsofkindsofChinesemedicinalherbs,includingartemisinin.However,theresultsweredisappointing;

eventhoseinvolvingartimisinin,whichhadbeenuniversallywellregarded,werelessthansatisfactory.

Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheEasternJinDynasty（317-420）,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin’seffectiveness;

itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.Thediscoverypointedtoabrand-newdirectionforTuandherresearchteam.Finally,in1972,anextract（提取物）ofitwasfoundtobeonehundredpercenteffectiveagainstthedisease!

In2000theWHOannouncedartemisininwasaleadinganti-malarialdrug,andpromoteditworldwide.Sofar,ithasbeenplayingagreatroleinthebattleagainstmalaria.Beginningattheageof39,Tudevotedherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85andasthefirstChinesescientist,shereceivedaNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.HowdidTumanagetoaccomplishsuchagreatachievement?

Youprobablyhavetheanswertothatalready.

21.Whatcanbelearntabout“chloroquine”fromparagraph1?

A.ItcontributedtoTu’sgreatdiscovery.

B.ItwasdiscoveredbyexpertsinSoutheastAsia.

C.ItwasabreakthroughoutofChinesemedicine.

D.Itusedtobeeffectiveagainstthediseaseofmalaria.

22.WhatdidTuYouyoudoafterreadingapassagebyGeHong?

A.Sheintervieweddoctorstocollecttheirexperience.

B.Sheattemptedtoheattheextractatalowtemperature.

C.Shemadenecessaryadjustmentsineachstageofherresearch.

D.Sheexpandedaccesstotheanti-malarialdrugaroundtheworld.

23.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainreasonforTu’ssuccess?

A.Youreapwhatyousow.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Don’tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon’tknow.

D.Liveandlearnthroughyourmistakesorexperience.

B

WiththeaveragenumberofchildreninaBritishfamilyfallingbeneathanaverageof2.0,thepopulationoftheUKhasbeendecliningforquiteafewyears.ThesizeoftheBritishworkforceisdeclining.Thistrend（趋势）isquiteworryingfortheBritisheconomy.

Thereisawholerangeofreasonsaccountingfortheworryingtrend.OneofthemisthatBritishpeoplearenowhavingtheirchildrenatamucholderagethanpreviously,meaningtheyhavefeweryearsinwhichtheycanhavechildren.Mostyoungpeopletodaytendtochoosetogotouniversityfirstandbuildupworkexperiencebeforegettingdesiredjobs.

Expensivehousesalsoplayapart.Manyyoungpeopleareforcedtostaywiththeirparentsearlyintheircareers.Soit’snotuntilpeopleareabout30yearsoldthattheycanaffordtobuytheirownhome,andthentheycanstarttothinkaboutsettlingdownandhavingchildren.

SoaBritishpersonmanagestogetajob,getahomeandgetmarried.Whyisn’theorshethenhavingatleasttwochildrenonaverage?

ThemajorreasonisthatitisrelativelyexpensivetobringupachildintheUK.Usuallybothparentsneedtoworktocovertheirlivingexpenses,whichmeanstheythenneedtopaysomeonetolookaftertheirchildduringtheday,suchasnanny（保姆）ornurseryschool.

Inaddition,uncertaintyintheglobaleconomyoftenaffectsBritishfamilysize.Infaceofaneconomicdownturn,youngBritishfinditmoredifficulttofindjobsorkeeptheirexistingones.Thisdiscouragesthemfromhavinglargerfamilies.Andwiththismuchpressureonfamilies,it’snowonderthatthedivorcerateremainssohigh.

TosavetheBritishfamily,thegovernmentistakingactivemeasures,forexample,byincreasingmonthlyChildBenefitmoneyandofferingincreasingamountofgovernmentsubsidy（津贴）forparentsto