英国文学期末考试必备讲义Word文件下载.docx

英国文学期末考试必备讲义Word文件下载.docx

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afewrelicsarestill

preserved—poemsandsongsabouttheheroicdeedsofoldtime.

Beowulf:

afolklegendbroughttoEnglandfromtheircontinentalhomes（Denmark）,reflecting

thefeaturesofthetribalsocietyofancienttimes

2.NormanConquestanditsimpactontheEnglishlanguage

1066:

theendofAnglo-SaxonperiodandtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.

ThegeneralrelationofNormansandSaxonswasthatofmasterandservant.

Twolanguageswerespoken:

FrenchandEnglish.Bytheendofthe14thcenturyEnglishwasagainthedominantspeech—differentfromtheoldAnglo-Saxon:

Structure:

English

Commonwords:

Morethan10thousandFrenchwordswereintroduced–Englishsynonyms.

3.LiteratureoffeudalEngland

1）.Theromance:

describingthelifeandadventureofnobleheroes---theEnglishversionsweretranslatedfromFrenchorLatin.

2）.Englishballads:

a）.InvariousEnglishandScottishdialects

b）.Composedcollectively

\’]

c）.Avarietyofthemes

d）.Mainlytheliteratureofthepeasants:

theoutlookoftheEnglishcommonpeopleinthe

feudalsociety

e）.TheRobinHoodballads

4.GeoffreyChaucer（1340?

----1400）:

readtheintroductioninyourbook

FatherofEnglishpoetry,oneofmostgreatestpoetsofEngland.

Romanceofrose（玫瑰奇缘）/

thehouseoffame（声誉之宫）/

theparliamentoffowls（百鸟议会）

TheCanterburytales

5.Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishliterature

1）.HispoetrytracesoutapathtotheliteratureofEnglishRenaissance,itreflectsthechanges

ofthesecondhalfofthe14thcentury

2）.Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraisedman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife

3）.Widelearning:

agoodknowledgeofLatin,FrenchandItalian.Studiedphilosophicalworks

ofhistime;

anabundantknowledgeoftheworld.Nomancouldhavebeenbetterequipped,

sociallyandintellectuallytobethefounderofEnglishpoetry

4）.Hislanguage-----MiddleEnglish----vividandexact----goodmasterofEnglish----making

thedialectofLondonthefoundationofmodernEnglishspeech----establishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.

6.popularballads

Balladsareanonymousnarrativesongsthathavebeenpreservedbyoraltransmission.

Balladsaredividedintoseveralkinds:

i.Historical

ii.Legendary

iii.Fantastical

iv.Lyrical

v.Humorous

Character:

ChapterTwo

Renaissance:

theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

1.HistoricalbackgroundoftheEnglishRenaissance

1）ThefoundingoftheTudorDynastywhichmettheneedsoftherisingbourgeoisie.

2）AkindofreligiousmovementcalledReformationwasstarted:

Protestantism—TheLatin

BiblewastranslatedintoEnglish:

agreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageandliterature.

3）Englisheconomydevelopedataslowbutsteadypace.AsaresultoftheEnclosureMovement,

alargenumberofpeasantsbecametheforefathersofthemodernEnglishproletariat.

4）Commercialexpansionabroadandtheestablishmentofcolonies

2.ChiefcharacteristicsoftheRenaissance

1）TheinterestinGodandinthelifeafterdeathwastransformedintotheexaltationofmanandanabsorptioninearthlylife.

2）Materialisticphilosophyandscientificthoughtreplacedthechurchdogmas.

3）AtotalnewcultureroseoutoftherevivaloftheoldcultureofancientGreeceandRome;

a

newkindofartandliteratureemergedthroughtheexplorationoftheinfinitecapabilitiesofman.

Or:

1）Athirstingcuriosityforclassicalliterature

2）Akeeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities

3.EnglishliteratureoftheElizabethanPeriod（secondhalfofthe16thcentury）

1）ManyclassicalandItalianandFrenchworksweretranslatedintoEnglish—DonQuixote

2）Booksonhistoryandaboutnewdiscoverieswerewritten.

3）Thesonnet,anexactformofpoetry,wasintroducedtoEnglandfromItaly.

4.EdmundSpenser（1552-1599）

borninLondonofamerchanttailor'

sfamily;

hadaprogressivescholarashisheadmaster,whoholdthat"

Itisnotamind,notabody,thatwe

havetoeducate,butaman"

;

enteredCambridgein1569,graduatedin1573withM.A.degree;

started"

TheFaerieQueen"

by1580,dedicatedittotheQueenin1589;

becameprivatesecretaryofLordGrey,theQueen'

sLordDeputyinIreland—stayedthereforhisremainin