上海牛津英语4b语法文档格式.docx
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WhatfooddoesGingerlike?
4.划具体动物,用Whatanimals来提问
Peterlikesdogs.(划线提问)
WhatanimalsdoesPeterlike?
5.划动作先补do,再按划线提问四大步骤
do
Mymothercooksdinnerinthekitchen.(划线提问)
Whatdoesyourmotherdointhekitchen?
6.划现在分词先补doing,再按划线提问四大步骤
例1:
doing
Mymotheriscookingdinnerinthekitchen.(划线提问)
Whatisyourmotherdoinginthekitchen?
例2:
Peterlikeseatingfish.(划线提问)
WhatdoesPeterlikedoing?
7.划地点,用Where来提问
Peteriscookinginthekitchen.(划线提问)
WhereisPetercooking?
8.划谁,用Who来提问
Whoiscookinginthekitchen?
9.划谁的,用Whose+名词来提问
ThatbigfootballisPeter’s.
Whosebigfootballisthat?
10.划感觉,用How来提问
Sheishungry.(划线提问)
Howdoesshefeel?
=Howisshe?
11.划数量,可数用Howmany+名词复数,
不可数用Howmuch+不可数来提问
Thereisoneappleonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmanyapplesarethereonthetable?
Thereissomefoodonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmuchfoodisthereonthetable?
12.划钱,用Howmuch来提问
Theseapplesarefouryuan.(划线提问)
Howmucharetheseapples?
13.划年龄,用Howold来提问
Peterisoneyearold.(划线提问)
HowoldisPeter?
14.划时间,用When/Whattime来提问
Itisseveno’clock.(划线提问)
Whattimeisit?
二.改成一般疑问句
(一)一般疑问句基本步骤(比划线提问少确定疑问词这一步)
1.找六大元素(is,am,are,have,has,can),没有找do/does,如果主语是三单,用does
2.抄剩余的,遇到some变any,你我要交换
3.句号变问号
Peterhasgotanewcar.(改成一般疑问句)
HasPetergotanewcar?
Peteriswashinghairinthebathroom.(改成一般疑问句)
IsPeterwashinghairinthebathroom?
例3:
Petercancookdinner.(改成一般疑问句)
CanPetercookdinner?
例4:
Peterlikeseatingoranges.(改成一般疑问句)
DoesPeterlikeeatingoranges?
三.改否定句
1.在六大元素后面加not或n’t,没有六大元素在动词前面加don’t或doesn’t,动词变原形
2.遇到some变any,and变or
Thereissomefoodonthetable.(改成否定句)
Thereisn’tanyfoodonthetable.
Peterlikeseatingoranges.(改成否定句)
Peterdoesn’tlikeeatingoranges.
Pleasetastesomecherries.(改成否定句)
Pleasedon’ttasteanycherries.
四.第三人称单数(三单)
(一)三单
除了I和you之外的所有单数都是第三人称单数,其后面的动词用三单形式,加s或es
(二)三单形式
1.一般情况下,动词+s,如:
plays,swims,cooks,
2.以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es,如:
guesses,washes,watches,goes,does
3.以辅音+y结尾,去y加ies,如fly—flies,study—studies
4.不规则:
have—has
Peterplays(play)badmintoninthebadmintonclub.
Peter’smotherwashes(wash)herhairinthebathroom.
Peter’sfatherwatches(watch)TVinthelivingroom.
Thebutterflyflies(fly)inthepark.
Peterhas(have)acat.
五.动词ing
(一)动词ing的形式
1.一般情况下动词后面直接加ing
2.以不发音e结尾,去e加ing
如:
dance—dancing,have—having,make—making,write—writing
3.最后只有一个辅音,中间只有一个元音,且元音不发自己的音,双写加ing。
running,swimming,hopping,skipping,stopping,chatting,sitting,getting,putting,cutting,
(二)动词ing的位置
1.like后面加动词ing,likedoing
be动词后加动词ing,bedoing
go后面加动词ing,goswimming
2.放在句首当主语,作为动名词
Swimmingisfun.
3.放在名词前,作为动名词,表示性质或用途,
如:
aswimmingclass,aswimmingpool,swimminggoggles
六.时态
现在进行时:
be+动词ing,表示正在进行的动作(有now)
一般现在时:
动词(有usually,often,sometimes,never)
Peteriscookingdinnernow.(现在进行时)
Petercooksdinner.(一般现在时)
七.动词的适当形式
时态,三单,动词ing,原形,todo
1.时态现在进行时:
be+动词ing
一般现在时:
动词
2.三单(主语是除I和you之外的所有单数)
3.动词ing(like,be,go后加动词ing)
4.原形(祈使句,let’s,please,can,do/does后用原形)
5.todo(wanttodo,wouldliketodo)
八.Therebe句型
(一)therebe句型的单复数,由第一个名词决定。
[就近原则]
例:
Thereisalotoffoodonthetable.
Therearesomebiscuitsandfoodonthetable.
Thereissomefoodandbiscuitsonthetable.
(二)therebe句型的划线提问
1.划名词,用“What’s+介词词组”来提问
Therearemanypeopleonthebeach.(划线提问)
What’sonthebeach?
2.划数量,用Howmany或Howmuch来提问
如果数量后面是可数名词,用“Howmany+名复+are+剩余的”来提问
如果数量后是不可数名词,用“Howmuch+不可数+is+剩余的”来提问
Thereissomemilkonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmuchmilkisthereonthetable?
Therearesomeapplesonthetable.(划线提问)
九.名词的适当形式
(一)名词的单复数
1.一般情况+s
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾加es,如:
watches,buses,
3.以辅音+y结尾,去y加ies,如:
family—families,baby—babies,
以元音+y结尾,直接加s,如:
monkey—monkeys,toy—toys,boy—boys,
4.以fe,fe结尾,去f,fe加ves如:
knife——knives,leaf—leaves
5.以o结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s
photo—photos,tomato—tomatoes
6.单复数同形sheep,deer
7.复数名词people,shorts,glasses,googles,
8.不规则child—children,man—men,policeman—policemen,mouse—mice,foot—feet,tooth—teeth
(二)主格、宾格、所有格、反身代词
主格
宾格
所有格
反身代词
I
me
my
myself
you
your
yourself
he
him
his
himself
she
her
herself
it
its
itself
we
us
our
ourself
you
yourselves
they