英美概况名词解释文档格式.docx

英美概况名词解释文档格式.docx

《英美概况名词解释文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美概况名词解释文档格式.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Alfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It’sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.

3.WilliamtheConqueror

WilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedKingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudal

systeminEngland.

4.thebattleofHastings

In1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,the

WitanchoseHaroldasking.William,Dukeof

Normandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,

thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday’

sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.Sothisbattlewasveryimporta

ntonthewayoftheRomanconquest.

5.DomesdayBook

UnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablis

hed.Williamsentofficialstocompileaproper

tyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.Itseemedtothe

EnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgement

Day.

6.theGreatCharter

KingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.Thoughithas

longbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberities,itsspiritwasthelimitationofthe

king’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.

7.theHundredYears’War

ItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.T

hecauseswerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,the

warbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcountries.

8.JoanofArc

ShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears’War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.来源:

（;

a9d9e570100ats3.html）-英美概况备考资

料!

---名词解释部分1_蝉蝉angie_新浪博客

9.theBlackDeath

ItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,a

ndsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwas

short.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.

10.theWarsofRoses

TheyreferredtothebattlesbetweentheHouse

ofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkbetween

1455and1485.Theformerwassymbolizedbytheredrose,andthelatterbythewhiteone.Afterthewars,feudalismreceiveditsdeathblowandtheking’spowerbecamesupreme.ThdormonarchsruledEnglandandWalesforovertwohundredyears.

11.BloodyMary

HenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.

WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedand

burntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhen

ickname“BloodyMary”.Maryisalsorememb

eredasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchport

ofCalais.

12.ElizabethI

OneofthegreatestmonarchsinBritishhistor

y.ShereignedEngland,WalesandIrelandfor

45yearsandremainedsingle.HerreignwasatimeofconfidentEnglishnationalismandof

greatachievementsinliteratureandotherarts,inexplorationandinbattle.

13.OliverCromwell

TheleaderduringtheCivilWarwholedtheN

ewModelArmytodefeatthekingandcondemnedhimtodeath.ThenhedeclaredEngland

aCommonwealthandmadehimselfLordofProtector.HeruledEnglandtilltherestorationofcharlesIIin1660.

14.theBillofRights

In1689,WilliamandMaryacceptedtheBillofRightstobecrownedjointly.Thebillexclud

edanyRomanCatholicfromthesuccession,confirmedtheprincipleofparliamentarysupremacyandguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththetwoHouses.Thustheageofconstitutionalmonarchybegan.

15.WhigsandTories

Itreferredtothetwopartynameswhichorigin

atedwiththeGloriousRevolutionof1688.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNoncomformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings.TheWhigsformedacoalitionwithdissidentToriesandbecametheLiberalParty.TheToriesweretheforeru

nnersoftheConservativeParty.

16.JamesWatt

TheScottishinventorwhoproducedanefficie

ntsteamenginewithrotarymotionthatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.

17.WinstonChurchill

PrimeMinisterofBritainduringtheSecondW

orldWar.HetookoverChamberlainin1940andreceivedmassivepo