外文翻译准时制库存控制物流管理的集合Word文件下载.docx

外文翻译准时制库存控制物流管理的集合Word文件下载.docx

《外文翻译准时制库存控制物流管理的集合Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外文翻译准时制库存控制物流管理的集合Word文件下载.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

外文翻译

原文：

Just-In-TimeInventoryControl:

ASubsetofChannel

Physicaldistribution,oneoftheoldestfacetsofdistributionchannels,hashistoricallybeenoneofthemostneglectedofbusinesstopics.However,duringthepastthreedecadesaflurryofattentionhasbeenfocusedupontheconceptofintegratedlogistics.Twotermscommonlyusedtodescribelogisticfunctionsare"

materialmanagement,"

themovementofinboundrawmaterialsorgoods;

and"

physicaldistributionmanagement,"

theoutboundmovementoffinishedinventoryand/orrawmaterialassortmentssotheyarriveatthedesignatedplacewhenneeded.

Physicaldistributionhasalsobeendefinedasbeingthebroadrangeofactivitiesconcernedwithefficientmovementoffinishedproductsfromtheendoftheproductionlinetotheconsumer,andinsomecases,includesthemovementofrawmaterialsfromthesourceofsupplytothebeginningoftheproductionline.Anotheremphasisistoregardlogisticsastheumbrellaterm,withmaterialsmanagementreferringtoinboundmovementandphysicaldistributionasoutboundmovement.

Channelmanagementisamuchbroaderandmorecomprehensiveelementofdistributionstrategythanphysicaldistribution,andinvolvesplanningandmanagementofallofthemajorchannelflows,whilephysicaldistributionisconcernedlargelywiththeproductflow.However,anefficientmarketingchannelcannotexistwithoutanefficientphysicaldistributionsystem.

Theobjectiveofthepresentpaperistohighlightadevelopmentinwhatmightbeconsideredasignificantsubsetofchannelmanagement,thatis,moreefficientcontroloffinishedinventory.Itisproposedthata"

Just-In-Time"

（J-I-T）,orKanban,methodofJapaneseinventorymanagementcanimproveproductivityofthemarketingchannel.

Theconceptofintegratedphysicaldistributionemergedduringthe1950s.Inaspeech,ProfessorPaulD,Conversesaidinthestudyofmarketingtheory,agreatdealmoreattentionisdevotedtobuyingandsellingthantophysicalhandling;

problemsofphysicaldistributionaretoooftenbrushedasideasmattersoflittleimportance.Onelogicalexplanationforthelatedevelopmentofphysicaldistributionmanagementcanbeattributedtothefactthatpriortotheemergenceofcomputersfromtheirinfancy,andbeforeappliedanalyticaltoolsweregenerallyatthedisposalofbusiness,therewasnoreasontobelieveanoverallattackonphysicaldistributionactivitiescouldaccomplishimprovedperformance.

In1956,areviewoftheeconomicsofairfreightutilizationprovidedaneworientationtophysicaldistributioncosting.Theirstudyintroducedtheconceptoftotalcostanalysis,explainingthathighratesrequiredforairtransportationcould,inmanyinstances,bemorethanjustifiedbytrade-offsinreducedinventoryholdingandware-houseoperationcosts.

Earlyarticlesreferringtophysicaldistributionwerelargelybasedonthesystemsapproachtoproblemsolving.Whenevaluatedfromasystemsviewpoint,integratedphysicaldistributionrequirescompromisesbetweentraditionalbusinessactivities.Manufacturingmanagerspreferlongproductionrunsandlowprocurementcosts,whilephysicaldistributionmanagersquestionthetotalcostresultsofthesepractices.Finance,traditionallyfavorabletolowinventories,mayforcephysicaldistributionmanagerstomodifycomponents,witharesultingunsatisfactorytotalcostarrangement.Concerningmarketing,preferencesforfinishedgoodsandbroadassortmentsinforwardmarketsoftenconflictwitheconomiesofferedthroughatotalsystemevaluation.

In1969,Bowersoxquestionedwhattechniquesorpersuasiveforcescouldbeappliedtoencouragegreaterchannelefficiency.Hestatedthechannelappearstohavebeenoneofthemostelusiveofmarketingsubjects,addingthatthefunctionofphysicaldistributionextendsfarintochanneldomains.Certainly,thiswouldincludethetopicofservice,includinginventorycontrolandthecostsinvolvedinmaintaininganadequateinventory.

Just-In-Time,ortheKanbantechnique,anideaborrowedfromtheJapanese,isaninventorypolicywhichrequiresneededpartsbeavailableatthenecessarytimeandthattheybeonhandtheminimumneededtimetooperatetheproductionline.JITinventoryhasalsobeendescribedastheproductionofgoodsjustintimetobesold.

AstheJust-In-Timephilosophyisconsidered,itseemsessentialitberegardedasabehavioralconcepttoencourageacooperativespiritamongchannelmembersintheireffortstodevelopaneffectiveandefficientphysicaldistributionsystem.Thisissimilartothecurrentemphasisofthephysicaldistributionapproach;

namely,thevariousactivitiesinvolvedshouldbemanagedasanintegratedsystemtoprovideadefinedlevelofcustomerserviceatthelowesttotalcostforperformingalloftheactivitiesnecessarytopr