英语句子中的省略Word格式.docx
《英语句子中的省略Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语句子中的省略Word格式.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Begyourpardon.(我)请你原谅。
(Beg前省略了主语I)
Comeon!
得了吧(你)!
(Come前省略了主语You)
2.谓语的省略
Johnisalawyer,hiswife(is)acleaner.
SomeofusstudyJapanese,others(study)English.
3.表语的省略
Shewasaloverofsportsas(因为)shehadbeeninheryouth(在她年轻的时候).(hadbeen后面省略了aloverofsports)
4.宾语的省略
Let’sdothecases.I’llreadandyou’lltype.(read和type后面省略了宾语cases)
5.定语的省略
Ispentpartofthemoney,andtherestIgave.(therest后面省略了定语ofthemoney)
6.状语的省略
Shewasn’tcry.Strange!
(Strange前面省略了状语how)
—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.(句中could表示委婉语气,并不是过去式,因此答语用can,其后省略borrowmydictionary.)
—Don'
tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.
—Iwon'
t.(祈使句原含有未来的意味,再加上有tomorrow的限制,因此答语用won'
t,其后省略forgettogoyou’reyourbirthdaypartytomorrow.)
2)同时省掉句子几个部分有时好几个句子成分都被省掉,除了对疑问句的简略回答外,也出现在反意疑问句中。
如:
Youareasuperman,aren’tyou(asuperman)?
3)在以know,forget,remember等动词结尾的简答句后的子句通常也可省略,以避免重复。
—Whowonthefootballmatchlastnight?
—Sorry,Idon’tknow(whowonthefootballmatchlastnight.)
4)在以if,when,though,as,asif等连词引导的从句中,如从句中主要动词是be,可将主语和动词be省掉。
Heisverygoodatdancing,though(heis)veryold.
Theboylookedasif(hewere)afraidofnothing.
5)so,nor/neither用来表示“……也一样”时的省略结构
—Iamastudent.
—SoamI(astudent).
—Wehaven'
tbeenthere.
—Neither(Nor)havewe(beenthere).
(二)句中结构的省略
1.简单句的省略
1)名词所有格之后的省略
Heisgoingtohisuncle’s(house).
2)含therebe结构中的省略
(Isthere)Anythingwrong?
3)独立主格结构中的分词如为being或havingbeen时的省略
Theexamination(being)over,wealllefttheschool.
4)不定式的省略
(1)并列的不定式
Herjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(to)washtheirclothes.
(2)为避免重复,作某些动词hope,want等宾语或tell,order,ask的宾补时,省略不定式短语,只保留不定式符号to.
Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreet,buthermothertoldhernotto.
(此句中notto后省略了和上文相重复的playinthestreet.).
(3)感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,hear或使役动词let,make,have,等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to.
Isawthegirlcrossthestreet.
Ihadmyfatherrepairmybike.
注意:
当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时,需恢复to的省略!
如:
Thegirlwasseentocrossthestreet.
(4)有hadbetter,wouldrather,can’tbut或Whynot等句型后面直接跟动词原形,实际上是接省to的不定式。
Youhadbettertellmethetruth.
Icouldnotbut(to)laughathim.
Whynotgoandasktheteacherforhelp?
(5)在回答问句及其它形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其它部分省略。
—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
—I'
dliketo.ButI'
mtoobusy.(此句中的I'
dliketo后省略了cometodinnertonight.)
5)介词(或介词短语)的省略
(1)动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略
Wespentalargesumofmoney(in)buildingthemansion.
而当spendmoneyindoingsth.结构用于被动语态时in不能省略
Alargesumofmoneywasspentinbuildingthemansion.
(2)near或opposite作形容词表示“在…的附近”或“在…对面”时后接的介词to可省略
Itisnear(to)theairport,opposite(to)thesupermarket.
(3)of+形容词+名词作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时of常被省略
Weare(of)thesameage,Isuppose.
(4)含有side,height,length,size,shape等惯用语前介词on有时可被省略
Trytokeepyourdiscourse(on)thissideof3000words.
(5)有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语,在以what,when,how,whether,that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时被省略介词短语asto.
Becareful(asto)howyoudothat.
6)同源宾语的省略
同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时可以省去该同源宾语
Duringthefootballmatch,thefansallshoutedtheirloudest(shout).
Shesanghersweetest(song).
7)英语中惯用的省略句型
即,What/Howabout后只跟名词、代词或动名词(短语),以及感叹句中的省略现象。
Howaboutthetwoofustakingawalkdownthegarden?
Whatabeautifulview(itis)!
2.并列句中的省略
1)并列句的省略是最常见的,一般说来,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都会被省略。
Tosomesmileisveryeasy,andtoothers(smileis)sohard.
2)简单句的并列结构中也常有省略的做法
Wemaygotherebytrainor(by)air.
3)并列平行结构有时会出现在状语从句中
Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.
(此句中,前一个分句带一个As引导的状语从句,状语从句中moveawayfrom后为并列平行结构,their…,their…,their…在and后的分句中,theconfidence后省略了iscutoff.)
3.复合句中的省略
1)复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复时从句的句尾部分可省掉
MaryisgoingtosweepthefloorbecauseAlicewon'
t(sweepthefloor).
2)含有定语从句的复合句
(1)定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词;
非正式文体中,也可省略关系副词when或why.
Ishallneverforgettheday(when)IenteredTVUniversity.
Ilikethefilmfortheveryreason(why)youdislikeit.
(2)关系代词as后面的主谓结构也可省略
Hegavethesameansweras(hehadgiven)before.
3)含有宾语从句的复合句
(1)在两个并列的that从句如主动词及其宾语、表语、状语等都一样时可将第二个that从句的主动词及随带成份省略。
IguessLisawilldanceinthepartybutJanewon'
t(danceintheparty).
(2)在两个并列的that从句如主语相