最新中学生百科英语2Word文档下载推荐.docx
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03PencilsandPens
04TheUmbrella
05TheMetricSystem
06ThaiBoxing
07SumoWrestling
08TarahumaraFootRaces
09OlympicSports
10Greatathletes
11ThePufferFish
12FoodsfromAroundtheWorld
13Chocolate
14TheBlueRevolution
15Twenty-OneDaysWithoutFood
16TheMarieCeleste
17TheRoanokeSettlement
18TheEasterIslandStatues
19TheTunguskaFireball
20MysteryoftheMonarchs
21TheHistoryofMoney
22MassMarketing
23Inflation
24DoingBusinessAroundtheWorld
25CreditCards
1TheZipper
Thezipperisawonderfulinvention.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutzippers?
Theyareverycommon,soweforgetthattheyarewonderful.Theyareverystrong,buttheyopenandcloseveryeasily.Theycomeinmanycolorsandsizes.
Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalongrowofbuttons.Clothesoftenhadrowsofbuttons,too.Peoplewishedthatclotheswereeasiertoputonandtakeoff.
WhitcombL.Judson,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.However,hiszippersdidn'
tstayclosedverywell.Thiswasembarrassing,andpeopledidn'
tbuymanyofthem.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSwedensolvedthisproblem.Hiszipperstayedclosed.
Azipperhasthreeparts:
1.Therearedozensofmetalorplastichooks(calledteeth)intworows.2.Thesehooksarefastenedtotwostripsofcloth.Theclothstripsareflexible.Theybendeasily.3.Afastenerslidesalongandjoinsthehookstogether.
Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooksapart.
Dr.Sundbackputthehooksonstripsofcloth.Theclothholdsallthehooksinplace.Theydon'
tcomeapartveryeasily.Thissolvedtheproblemofthefirstzippers.
(212words)
2ThePostageStamp
Beforetheinventionofthepostagestamp,itwasdifficulttosendalettertoanothercountry.Thesenderpaidforthelettertotravelinhisorherowncountry.
Thenthepersonintheothercountrypaidfortherestofthetrip.Ifalettercrossedseveralcountries,theproblemwasworse.
RowlandHill,aBritishteacher,hadtheideaofapostagestampwithglueontheback.TheBritishpostofficemadethefirststampsin1840.TheywerethePennyBlackandtheTwopenceBlue.Apersonboughtastampandputitonaletter.Thepostofficedeliveredtheletter.Whenpeoplereceivedletters,theydidn'
thavetopayanything.Thepostagewasprepaid.
PostagestampsbecamepopularinGreatBritainimmediately.Othercountriesstartedmakingtheirownpostagestampsveryquickly.
Therewerestillproblemswithinternationalmail.Somecountriesdidnotwanttoacceptletterswithstampsfromothercountries.Finally,in1874,aGermanorganizedtheUniversalPostalUnion(UPU).EachcountryintheUPUagreedtoacceptletterswithprepaidpostagefromtheothermembers.Today,theofficesoftheUPUareinSwitzerland.Almosteverycountryintheworldisamemberofthisorganization.Ittakescareofanyinternationalmailproblems.
Today,postofficesineverycountrysellbeautifulstamps.Collectingstampsisoneofthemostpopularhobbiesintheworld,andeverystampcollectorknowsaboutthePennyBlackandtheTwopenceBlue.
(250words)
3PencilsandPens
Nooneknowswhoinventedpencilsorwhenithappened.ASwissdescribedapencilinabookin1565.Hesaiditwasapieceofwoodwithleadinsideit.(Leadisaveryheavy,soft,darkgraymetal.)Pencilsweren'
tpopular,andpeoplecontinuedtowritewithpens.Theyusedbirdfeathersaspens.
Then,in1795,someonestartedmakingpencilsfromgraphite,andtheybecameverypopular.Graphiteislikecoal.(Coalisblack,andweburnitforheatandenergy.)Today,peoplemakepencilsinthesameway.Theygrindthegraphite,makeitintotheshapeofastick,andbakeit.Thentheyputitinsideapieceofwood.Onepencilcanwrite50,000Englishwordsormakealine55kilometerslong.
Peoplewrotewithfeatherpensandthenusedpenswithmetalpoints.Theyhadtodipthepointintoinkaftereveryfewletters.Next,someoneinventedafountainpenthatcouldholdinkinsideit.Afountainpencanwriteseveralpagesbeforeyouhavetofillitagain.
TwoHungarianbrothers,LadislaoandGeorgBiro,inventedtheballpointpen.
TheyleftHungaryandstartedmakingballpointpensinEnglandin1943,duringWorldWarII.Englishpilotslikedthepens.Theycouldn'
twritewithfountainpensinairplanesbecausetheinkleakedout.Later,aFrenchcompanycalledBicboughttheBiros'
company.
Somepeoplecallballpointpens"
Bics."
Australianscallthem"
biros."
Whateverwecallthem,weusethemeveryday.
(256words)
4TheUmbrella
Theumbrellaisaveryordinaryobject.Itkeepstherainandthesunoffpeople.
Mostumbrellasfoldup,soitiseasytocarrythem.
However,theumbrellahasnotalwaysbeenanordinary