国际商务英语LessonthreePPT格式课件下载.pptx

国际商务英语LessonthreePPT格式课件下载.pptx

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他们绕道避开了市中心Theymadeadetourtoavoidthetowncenter,witness:

1）tobepresentatorhavepersonalknowledgeof.出席或知道Eg:

他亲眼看见那个意外事故。

Hewitnessedtheaccident.2）Toprovideorserveasevidenceof.提供或作为的证据Eg:

他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。

Histearswitnessedtheshamehefelt.,utilize:

toputtouse,especiallytofindaprofitableorpracticalusefor.利用，尤指为找到一,种有益或实用的用途harmonize:

tobringorcomeintoagreementorharmony.使谐调或一致erode：

v.tr.towear（something）awaybyorasifbyabrasion:

腐蚀，侵蚀被磨擦损掉：

setastagefor:

toprepareforormake,ossible为做准备，促成monumental：

1）of,resembling,orservingasamonument.纪念碑的、象纪念碑的、用作纪念碑的2）ofoutstandingsignificance:

有重大意义的：

onthestrengthof:

Onthebasisof:

在基础上：

依凭；

因可能Eg:

基于她的计算机能力，她被录用了ShewashiredonthestrengthofhercomputerSskigilnlsa.tory:

adj.1）boundbysignedagreement:

签约的,受签署协议约束的：

Eg:

thesignatorypowers签约的大国2）onethathassignedatreatyorotherdocument.签约者已签署一个条约或其它文件的人,full-fledged：

havingreachedfulldevelopment;

mature.成熟的接近充分发展的；

成熟的allocate:

（常与to/for连用）tosetapartforaspecialpurpose;

designate:

分配，配给，分派为特定目的而拨出；

指定：

分配职务给某人allocatedutiestosb.tenet:

n.anopinion,doctrine,orprincipleheldasbeingtruebyapersonorespeciallybyanorganization.宗旨一个人尤指一个组织所坚信的信念、理念或原则,secretariat：

thedepartmentadministeredbya,governmentalsecretary,especiallyforan,部,门的书记管辖的一个处，尤指国际组织的,auxiliaryin:

tgerivniantgioansaslisotargnacneiozartsiounp.p秘or书t;

处he由lp政in府g.,辅助的给予帮助或支持的；

帮助的,cartel:

acombinationofindependentbusiness,organizationsformedtoregulateproduction,pricing,andmarketingofgoodsbythemembers.卡特尔为协调生产、价格和商品市场而组成的独立的商业组织联合体,envisage:

toconceiveanimageorapictureof,especiallyasafuturepossibility:

想象构想一个形象或图画，特别是一种未来的可能性：

设想一个光明的未来envisageabrightfutureSayn.Therightorpowertoinfluenceormakeadecision:

发言权：

影响或做出决定的权利或权力：

Citizenshaveasayinthecouncilsofgovernment.AllIwantissomesayinthematter.市民在政府议会中有发言权。

我只想在这件事上有些决定权.empower:

toinvestwithpower,especiallylegalpowerorofficialauthority.授权，尤指法律权力或官方权力,majorobjectives（para.1）,examples（para.8-16）,fourlevels（para.2-7）EU（para.8-12）,APEC（para.13-15）OPEC（para.16）,freetradearea,samecustomsutrnaidoenpolicy,factorsomfovepfrreoedlyuction,commonmarketharmonizetaxation,gmoevnetrne-xpenditure,ipnodluicsytr;

ysamecurrency,politicalunion,economicunionsameforeignpolicynationaldefence,freetradearea,members:

removebarriers,outsiders:

differentpolicy,Non-membercountriesenterfrommembercountrieswiththelowestbarrier,CustomsUnion（Para4）,further,moreintegrativethanFTAfeatures:

Amongmembers,notradebarriersTooutsiders,allmembersadoptthesamepolicy.Non-memberscantenterthemarketinadetour.examples:

Mercosur,Commonmarket（Para5）,FurtherupthescaleofREI,MoreintegrativethancustomsunionFeatures:

Amongmembers:

goods,service,adoptionofcommonexternaltradepolicyandfactorsofproductionarefreetomove.Advantage:

theoverallbenefitenjoyedbyallthemembersasawholeisobvious.Disadvantage:

individualmembersmaynotenjoytheadvantageoffactormobilitytothesamedegree.Examples:

EuropeanCommunity,Economicunion（Para67）,Highestform,themostintegrativeFeatures:

Amongmembersabsenceoftradebarriers,practiceofcommonexternalpolicyandfreeproductionfactormobilityintegrationofthedomesticpoliciesinrespectofeconomy,financeetcHarmonizetaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesUsethesamecurrencyExamples:

EuropeanUnionTrend:

Economicintegration+harmonizationofforeignpolicyandnationaldefence=politicalunion,EU,bytheSingleEuropeanAct1994TheEuropeanUnion,EuropeanUnion（Para,812）,History,ECSC（1952）+EEC（1957）+EURATOM=EC（1967）OnJan1st1994,EUwasestablished5expansionsin1973,1981,1986,1995and20056（France,WestGermany,Italy,Netherlands,Belgium,Luxemburg）+3+1+2+3+10=25,EuropeanCommission（executivebody）,CouncilofMinisters（mostpowerfulinstitution）,EuropeanParliament（advisorybody）,EU,five-layerorganizationalstructureofAPEC,InformalMeetingofEconomicleadersDual-MinisterialMeetingMeetingforMinistersResponsibleforTradeSeniorOfficialMeeting（SOM）foursubordinatecommitteesunderSOM,Commoditycartel（Para16）,Definition:

Combinationofcountriestocontroltheproduction,pricingandsaleofparticulargoodsPurpose:

ToseekhigherandmorestablepricesfortherelevantgoodsExample:

OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,