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Civil,fromliteralmeaningcanberelatedtowood,bricksoilandsoonconstructionprojects.BecausemostofancientChinesearchitectureistimberstructure,sothenameontheancientwillbetter.Nowcivilhavetodistinguishbetweenthesizeofthatbroadsenseandnarrowsense.Theso-calledlargecivil,itisthefoundationofallrelatedtowater,soil,culturalconstructionandtheplanning,constructionandmaintenance.Nowthegeneralcivilworkprojectsinclude:
roads,water,drainage,floodcontrolengineeringandtransportation,etc.Peopleusedtoputallnon-militaryuseofcivilianprojectsincivil,butwiththeincreasinglywideengineeringscience,manyoriginallybelongstothescopeofcivilengineeringhaveindependentcontentintoaparticularsubject.Atpresent,inanarrowdefinition,civilengineeringistoconstruction(orstructuralengineering)thissmallscope.
【Keyword】:
Civilengineering、development、materials
Civilengineeringistobuildallkindsofengineeringfacilitiesofthefloorboardofthescience,technologyandengineering.Itisbothrelatedtohumanlifeandproductionofallkindsofengineeringfacilities,suchasconstructionengineering,roadengineering,railwayengineering,bridgeengineering,portengineering,etc.,alsoreferstotheapplicationofmaterials,equipmentonthelandsurvey,design,constructionandotherengineeringactivities.Civilengineeringisoneofthepioneersneededbysocietyandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology"
food,clothing,shelter,line"
;
Heinanycountryhasbeenimportantinthenationaleconomystatus.Hehasbeenimportantinthenationaleconomystatusinanycountry.
Civilengineeringistheoldestengineeringdisciplines;
itiscloselyrelatedtohumansurvivalanddevelopment.Civilengineeringhasfourcharacteristics:
(1)comprehensive:
mostofthenaturalscienceshaveconnectedwithcivilengineering,mathematics,mechanicsisthetheoreticalkernel.Inrecentyearstherapiddevelopmentofcomputerscience,agreatofchangeshavetakenplaceincivilengineering;
(2)social:
civilengineeringfacingobjectistheearth.Civilengineering'
sultimatepurposeistobettertheearth,inordertomeettheneedsofhumanlifeandproduction.(3)Practical:
civilengineeringwasdevelopedinthepracticeofthediscipline,therearestillmanytheorycan'
tsolvetheproblemdependsonthepracticalexperiencetosolve;
(4)isatechnology,economy,architecture:
theunityofthecivilengineeringisareasonableuseoftechnologyandcapitaltobuildbuildingsartisticappreciationandactualusingvalue.
"
Materials,construction,theory"
isthethreeelementsofcivilengineering,
isoneofthemostcriticalmaterial.Itisthethreeelementsofinfluenceandpromoteseachother,civilengineeringdevelopment.
Ancientcivilengineering
Ancientcivilengineeringhasaverylongtimespan,itroughlyfrom5000BCinthenewStoneAgetothemiddleofthe17thcentury,beforeandafterabout7000years.Inbuildings,Bridges,waterconservancyengineering,towerengineering,etchavemadebrilliantachievements.Someoftheworksofancientcivilizationstillstandtall.SuchastheGreatWallofourcountry,suchasthepyramidsinEgypt.ZhaozhouBridgewhichhasabuiltinthe6thcenturyistheearliestopenshouldertypearchbridgeintheworldandin1991bythenationalinstituteofcivilengineeringselected12civilengineeringmilestonesfortheworld.
Theearlyuseofcivilengineeringmaterialsmainlyhasbrick,tile,sand,stone,wood,ashandetc.Theyarestilloccupiesanimportantpositioninthecivilengineeringmaterials.
Peoplecanonlyrelyontheearlyearth,woodandothernaturalmaterialsinconstructionactivities,thenthetwocategories,brickandtilebuildingmaterials,makethehumanfirstbrokethroughtheshacklesofnaturalbuildingmaterials.WattsproducedearlywesternZhoudynastyinChinainthe11thcenturyBC.Brickandtilehasbettermechanicalpropertiesthansoil,canuselocalmaterials,andiseasytobeprocessed.
Stonehasgooddurability;
naturalstoneisoneoftheoldestcivil
engineeringmaterials.Naturalstonematerialhastheveryhighcompressivestrength;
Goodabrasionresistancedurability;
Afterprocessing,thesurfaceisbeautifulandrichinornamental;
Stoneandstoneresourceswidelydistributed,abundantreserves,istheancientandmoderncivilengineeringbuildingwalls,Bridges,houses,roadsandwaterconservancyprojectofthemainmaterials.Asaresultofthestonestructurehasthepossibilityofpermanent,somanyimportantbuildingsandmonumentalstructuresarebuiltusingstone,suchasFrance'
sVersailles,constructionareaof110000squaremeters,thegroundofthepalacebuildingwallsandexternalallusebuiltinstone.
Inthemoderncivilengineering