浅析英语新词的构成与翻译Word文件下载.docx

浅析英语新词的构成与翻译Word文件下载.docx

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inthefuture,thenewcoinageofEnglishneologismswilltendtobeefficientandmass-produced,andChinesewillbeagreatsourceofEnglishneologisms.

Keywords:

Englishneologism;

wordformation;

translation;

sources;

prospect

中文摘要

作为社会发展动态和成果的直接载体，语言的发展必须与之同步。

现代社会政治经济的发展、科学技术的进步、频繁的跨文化交流，网络的盛行，大量的英语新词应运而生。

英语新词表现了当代西方人的新思想、新生活、新的价值观念，是反映西方社会的多棱镜。

英语新词的研究是一项非常重要的工作，具有语言学、文化学、社会学等多方面的意义。

研究英语新词不仅有利于研究英语的更新和变化，还有利于促进世界性科技文化交流。

本文针对二战后产生的英语新词，根据国内外对英语新词的研究，首先对“何为新词”给出一个较为明确的定义，重点分析阐述其构词方式和翻译技巧，继而探讨其产生来源，并对其未来发展趋势作出预测。

本文的创新点在于指出在未来，英语新词的造词趋向简洁化批量化，而中文亦将对其有着更为重要的影响。

关键词：

英语新词；

构词；

汉译；

来源；

展望

Chapter1IntroductionandDefinitionofNeologisms

1.1Introduction

Asthevehicleofcommunication,languageisrelativelystableaswellasconstantlychanging.TheBritishscholarFoster（1980）saidwhensocietychangesgraduallyorsharply,languagewillshowsomechangestocatertothedemandsofsociety.AndEugeneNida（1982）deemedthatthemostdistinctivefeatureofEnglishlanguageisitsflexibility.

Vocabularyisthemostimportantandactivecomponentofalanguage.SocialdevelopmentleadstodevelopmentsandchangesofEnglishlanguage,whichresultsintheappearanceofalargenumberofEnglishnewwords.Consequently,itisaninexorabletrendofEnglishlanguagetoadapttothedevelopmentofsociety.AccordingtoTheBarnhartDictionaryCompanion,thenumberofnewwordstheycollectisnolessthan1,500to1,600peryear.

ThefirstsystematicresearchonEnglishneologismstartedintheearly20thcentury,andmostoftheearlyneologismscamefromwarsandtechnology.ThedictionarycompilationofEnglishneologismswasboominginthelasttwodecades.Roughlyestimated,therearemorethan20differentkindsofneologismdictionaries.Moreover,thethrivingoftheInternetandmodernmediaalsoprovideafertilegroundforneologisms.TheInternetperformsitsmagicpowerandmakestwitterandunfriendbecomethehottestnewwordsof2009whilenewsreportsapplyneologismsasspotlightsinnewstitleproducing.Nevertheless,differentfromabroad,thedomesticstudyofEnglishneologismshasjusttakenoff.

Thisthesiswillgivearelativelycleardefinitionforneologism,thentheemphasizinganalysisonthecharacteristicsoftheirwordformation,translationsaswellassourceswillbegiven,andfinallypredictionsoftheprospectsofEnglishneologismswillbemade.ThestudyofEnglishneologismsnotonlybenefitsthestudyofEnglishrenewingandchanging,butalsoenhancestheglobaltechnologicalandculturalexchangeandcooperation,betterintegrationratherthanseparation.

1.2DefinitionofNeologisms

Webster’sNewWorldDictionary（ThirdCollegeEdition）definestheword“neologism”as“anewwordornewmeaningforanestablishedword”（DavidBernardGuralnik,NeufeldtVictoria,1989）.

ThedefinitionofneologisminMicrosoftEncartaLibraryEncartaDictionarywas“arecentlycoinedwordorphrase,orarecentlyextendedmeaningofanexistingwordorphrase”.

LinChengzhang’s（1987）definitionis“newlycoinedwordsorwordsthataregivennewmeaningtofitnewsituationbecauseofsocial,economic,political,cultural,scientificandtechnicalchangesinhumansociety.”

Neologismsareprismsofthemodernsocietythatreflectthenewthoughts,newlifestylesandnewvalues.Thisthesiswillmainlyfocusonthegeneralprinciplesforformationandtranslationsofneologismsinlatestdecades.Roughlyspeaking,theword“neologisms”inthisthesisincludesthefollowingmeanings:

）Anewword:

itwascreatedbecauseofthesocialchanges.

）Anoldword:

newmeaningsweregiventoanoldwordduringthedevelopmentofalanguageoranexistedwordofother