学年高中英语Unit1SchoollifeSectionⅣGrammarWord格式文档下载.docx
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分析上面句子中黑体部分在从句中所作的成分
(1)例句①中的whose在从句中作定语。
(2)例句②④⑥⑦中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。
(3)例句③⑤中的黑体词在从句中作主语。
一、定语从句概述
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词;
引导定语从句的词是关系词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose等,它们可以在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。
ThewomanwhoisstandingbytheclassroomisourEnglishteacher.
站在教室旁边的那位女士是我们的英语老师。
二、定语从句的先行词
定语从句的先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分。
从构成上而言,它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语和整个主句;
从句子成分上而言,它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语、补语和整个主句。
下面,我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布:
[即时演练1] 找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词
①Isthisthebookwhichyourfatherboughtforyou?
the_book
②Whoisthemanthatisspeakingtoyourmother?
the_man
③Thisistheboywhosehandwritingisthebestinourclass.the_boy
④Doyouknowtheprofessorwhowillgiveusatalk?
the_professor
⑤Thestudentwho/thatisansweringthequestionisJohn.The_student
三、关系代词的用法
1.that的用法
that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语,而且作宾语时常可省略。
Thisisthebook.Iwanttoreadit.
→Thisisthebook(that)Iwanttoread.
这就是我想读的那本书。
(that指代thebook,在定语从句中充当宾语)
[即时演练2]
使用定语从句合并句子,并指出关系词that在从句中作什么成分
①Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.
→Thisisthehousethat_Lu_Xun_once_lived_in.(that在定语从句中作宾语)
②Jackisnolongeralazyboy.Heusedtobealazyboy.
→Jackisnolongeralazyboythat_he_used_to_be.(that在定语从句中作表语)
③TheboyisTom.Theboyisstudyingintheclassroom.
→Theboythat_is_studying_in_the_classroomisTom.(that在定语从句中作主语)
2.which的用法
which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语。
MyfavoriteplaceisKunming.KunmingisknownastheSpringCity.
→MyfavoriteplaceisKunmingwhichisknownastheSpringCity.
我最喜欢的地方是昆明,它以“春城”而闻名。
(which指代Kunming,在定语从句中充当主语)
[即时演练3] 完成句子
①这就是那个年轻人最近读的那本书。
Thisisthebookthat/which_has_been_readrecentlybythatyoungman.
②出租车是你可以租用的小汽车。
Ataxiisacarthat/which_you_can_hire.
3.who的用法
who指人,在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
ThetallmanisXiaoMing.XiaoMingisplayingbasketball.
→ThetallmanwhoisplayingbasketballisXiaoMing.
正在打篮球的那个很高的人是肖明。
(who指代Thetallman,在定语从句中充当主语)
[即时演练4] 写出下面句子中who作什么成分
①Dicksonisanableworkerwhoweallvaluehighly.宾语
②Thosewhobreakthelawshallbepunished.主语
4.whom的用法
whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。
Thisisthegirl.Imetthegirlinthestreet.
→ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.
这就是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
(whom指代thegirl,在定语从句中充当宾语)
[即时演练5] 翻译句子
①大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。
The_man_whom_everyone_likes_is_kind.
②刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
The_boy_whom/that/who_I_talked_to_just_now_is_my_brother.
5.whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,指人时,相当于ofwhom;
指物时,相当于ofwhich。
Ihavereadthebook.Ilikeitscharactersverymuch.
→Ihavereadthebookwhosecharacters(=ofwhichthecharacter)Ilikeverymuch.
我已经读了这本书,我很喜欢它里面的人物。
(whose指代先行词thebook,在定语从句中充当定语)
[即时演练6]
(1)用适当的关系代词填空
①YesterdayImetastudentwhosesisterknowsyou.
②Haveyoufoundthebookwhich/thatyoulostlastweek?
③Themanwho/whom/thatyoumetattheairportisafamousactor.
④IhaveagoodfriendwhosenameisLiuMei.
(2)用定语从句合并句子
①Shehasabrother.Idon’tknowhisname.
→Shehasabrotherwhose_name_I_don’t_know.
②I’dlikearoom.Itswindowlooksoutoverthesea.
→I’dlikearoomwhose_window_looks_out_over_the_sea.
6.关系代词that与which的区别
情况
用that还是which
先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰
that
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰
先行词前有thevery,theonly等修饰
先行词既指人也指物
关系代词前面有介词
which
句中已经出现过that或which
交替使用
[即时演练7] 选词填空:
which,that
①Isthereanythingelsethatyourequire?
②ThelastplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.
③Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksthatinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
④Isoxygentheonlygasthathelpsfireburn?
⑤I’vereadallthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibrary.
⑥Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.
⑦HereisthebookaboutwhichItoldyouyesterday.
⑧ChostisthemostmovingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
四、关系代词的省略
关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略。
Theman(whom/who)yousawjustnowisourmanager.
你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
有什么我能为你效劳的吗?
[即时演练8]
请用正确的关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词
①Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
②Alltheapplesthatfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.
③Thisisthebiggestlaboratory(that)wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.
④Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblue.
⑤Heoftenhelpsthestudentswhohethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.
⑥Whowasthewoman(that)youweretalkingwith?
⑦Theplacethat/whichinterestedmem