高中直接引语和间接引语详解与习题备课讲稿Word文档下载推荐.docx
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上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是:
(1)MymothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomeworkfirstandthenIcouldgooutandplaywithmyfriends.
(2)Ourteachersaidclasswasoverandweshouldhavearest.
二、直接引语与间接引语的变化
直接引语变成间接引语时,由于引述动词(said,told等)一般都是过去时形式,因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。
有下面几种情况:
1.现在时间推移到过去时间
所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变成过去进行时,现在完成时变成过去完成时。
例如:
Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”→Shesaid(that)shewashungry.
Vincesaid,“Ihavefoundwhat’swrongwiththecomputer.”→Vincesaidhehadfoundwhatwaswrongwiththecomputer.
在下列场合,尽管陈述动词为过去时形式,间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变,即:
(1)当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时:
Hesaid,“Theword‘laser’isanacronym(首字母缩略词).”→Hesaidtheword‘laser’isanacronym.
(2)当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时:
“I’mforty,”hesaid.→Hesaidheisforty.
(3)当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时:
Hesaid,“Itmustbeprettylate.Ireallymustgo.”→Hesaiditmustbeprettylate,andhereallymustgo.
Hesaid,“Youmustn’tsmokeintheroom.”→HesaidImustn’tsmokeintheroom.
2.过去时间推移到过去的过去
这里需要注意以下几点:
(1)当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时,一般过去时要变成过去完成体。
Hesaid,“Ididn’tknowyou.”→Hesaidhehadn’tknownme.
当“过去的过去”已经不言自明,或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现,或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时,一般过去时形式可以不变。
Annsaid,“Shewasbornin1981.”→Annsaidshewasbornin1981.
(2)过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时,也可以不变。
Robertsaid,“IwasjokingwithMary.”
→RobertsaidhehadbeenjokingwithMary.
RobertsaidhewasjokingwithMary.
(3)过去完成时仍为过去完成时,不需改变。
Hesaid,“Wehadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.”
→Hesaidtheyhadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.
(4)时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。
Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinLondonIoftensawJane.”
→JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonhehadoftenseenJane.
3.将来时间推移到过去将来时间
最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。
Hesaid,“We’respendingnextweekendathome.”
→Hesaidtheywerespendingthenextweekendathome.
Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”
→TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.
但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间,那么,可以不推移到过去将来时间。
Hesaid,“I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”→Hesaidhewillbewaitingformetomorrow.
4.人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
由上面的例子可以看出,当直接引语变成间接引语时,除动词时态变化外,人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。
(1)人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人称;
限定词也作相应的变化。
Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”→Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.
(2)指示代词this,these分别变成that/it,those/they或them;
指示限定词this,those通常变为that,those或the。
“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.→Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.
(3)时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况:
a.时间状语和动词时态两者都变。
Hesaid,“Itwascompletesayearago.”→Hesaidithadbeencompletedayearbefore.
b.时间状语不变,动词时态可变可不变。
Shesaid,“WeleftParisat8a.m.”
→ShesaidtheyhadleftParisat8a.m.
ShesaidtheyleftParisat8a.m.
c.时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年、同一月、同一天等),时间状语可不变。
Mr.Blacksaid,“WestartedlearningChineselastmonth.”
→Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChineselastmonth.(同一月引述)
→Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChinesethepreviousmonth.(可在同一月引述,也可不在同一月引述)
直接引语间接引语
todaythatday
thismorning/afternoonthatmorning/afternoon
yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday
(the)daybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore
tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday
(the)dayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwodays’time
nextweek/monththenextweek/month
lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore
nowthen
(4)地点状语here通常变为there;
但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地,可仍用here,也可用具体地点代替here。
Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”→Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.
“Arethechildrenhere?
”Fatherasked.→Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.
三、直接引语和间接引语正误例析
1.“SpeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass,”ourEnglishteachersaidtous.
OurEnglishteachersuggestedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(误)
OurEnglishteachertold/askedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(正)
OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe(should)speakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(正)
简析:
直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask,tell,order等动词,其句型是:
ask/tell/ordersomeonetodosth.,但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补,只能接-ing形式或从句(从句用虚拟语气)作宾语。
2.“Don’tplayfootballonthestreet,littleboys,”thepolicemansaid.
Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysdidnotplayfootballonthestreet.(误)
Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysnottoplayfootballonthestreet.(正)
如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式,变为间接引语时,要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补,不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not,而不是加donot,doesnot,didnot等。
3.“Wouldyoupleasedomethefavortocarrytheboxupstairs?
”theyoungwomansaidtome.
Theyoungwomanorderedmetocarrytheboxupstairs