最全面英国文学史知识点总结Word下载.docx
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GeofferyChaucer杰弗里·
乔叟1340~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·
德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①<
TheCanterburyTales>
坎特伯雷故事集:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
②<
TroilusandCriseyde>
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③<
TheHouseofFame>
声誉之宫
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·
斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
①<
TheFaerieQueene>
仙后(forQueenElizabeth)
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②<
TheShepherdsCalendar>
牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
Amoretti>
爱情小唱?
2.Thomas?
More托马斯?
莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①<
Utopia>
乌托邦
3.Francis?
Bacon弗兰西斯·
培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;
近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.?
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&
powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
TheAdvancementofLearning>
学术的推进
Essays>
随笔(famousquotas:
<
Ofstudies>
)?
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4.BenJonson
ComedyofHumours>
Volpone,orthefox>
狐狸
5.Christopher?
Marlowe柯里斯托弗·
马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
(完善了无韵体诗。
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>
浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)
Tamburlaine>
帖木耳大帝?
③<
TheJewofMalta>
马耳他的犹太人
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉·
莎士比亚1564~1616?
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
HenryIV:
RichardIII;
HenryV;
RichardII;
HenryVIII
②FourComedies四大喜剧:
<
AsYouLikeIt>
皆大欢喜;
TwelfthNight>
第十二夜;
AMidsummerNight’SDream>
仲夏夜之梦;
MerchantOfVenice>
威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies四大悲剧:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
奥赛罗;
KingLear>
李尔王;
Macbeth>
麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154<
TheSonnets>
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰·
弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;
失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
①Epics:
ParadiseLost>
失乐园
Paradise?
Regained>
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
SamsonAgonistes>
力士参孙
Areopagitica>
论出版自由?
TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>
为英国人民声辩
④<
OnHisBlindness>
我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰·
班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①ReligionaryAllegory:
ThePilgrim’sProgress>
天路历程
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
Forbi