英语专业四级语法重点汇总.docx
《英语专业四级语法重点汇总.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语专业四级语法重点汇总.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
English英语专八专四学习复习资料
英语专四语法重点汇总
一、非谓语动词的主要考点
1.有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:
meantodo想要(做某事)VSmeandoing意味(做某事)proposetodo打算(做某事)VSproposedoing建议(做某事)
forgettodo忘记(要做的事)VSforgetdoing忘记(已做的事)remembertodo记得(要做某事)VSrememberdoing记得(做过)
goontodo继而(做另一件事)VSgoondoing继续(做原来的事)
stoptodo停下来去做另一件事VSstopdoing停止正在做的事
regrettodo(对将要做的事)遗憾VSregretdoing(对已做过的事)后悔
2.不定式的习惯用法
典型句型整理如下:
如:
“cannothelpbutdo”——“不得不做某事”
如:
“cannotbutdo”——“不禁做某事”
如:
“cannotchoosebutdo”——“不由自主地做某事”
如:
“candonothingbutdo”——“不能不做某事”
如:
“havenochoicebuttodo”——“只能做某事”
如:
“havenoalternativebuttodo”——“只能做某事”
例句:
Theboycannothelpbutbegreatlyinfluencedbytheusefulinstructiongivenbyhisfamilytutor.
WhenIstartmyjobcareer,IcannotchoosebutlookbackuponthebeautifuldaysIspentoncampus.
3.动名词的习惯用法
典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:
如:
bebusy/activedoingsth.
如:
It’snogood/usedoingsth.
如:
spend/wastetimedoingsth.
如:
havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.
如:
haveagood/great/wonderfultimedoingsth.
如:
Thereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.
例句:
Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(典型例句)
牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受
IreallyhaveproblemsolvingthesemathematicquestionssinceIamnotmajorinscienceafterall.
二、形容词与副词及其比较级
1.形容词的句法功能
形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:
(1)以“a”开头的形容词
如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的
例句:
Jerrydidn’tpasstheimportantfinalexam,pleaselethimaloneforthetimebeing.
Michaelcamebackfromjobjustnow,andhiseyeswereshutandheseemedtohavefallenasleep.
(2)某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等
(3)下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语
这些典型单词罗列如下:
“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等
例句:
Thesituationremainstensebetweenthetwocountriesatthisjuncture.在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
Thereisstrongpossibilitythatsuchastyleofmutualcooperationwillproveunworkable.这种合作模式大有可能行不通。
2.某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念
这些典型词汇总结如下:
“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“preferto”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differfrom”、“comparedwith”、“incomparisonwith”、“differentfrom”、“ratherthan”等
例句:
Aftervisitingatweekends,Ithinktheirvillaissuperiortoalltheothervillasinthecountryside.
3.有关比较级的特殊句型
(1)notsomuch…as…与其说…还不如说…
例句:
Themajorreasonforhissuicideisn’tsomuchhisnegativeemotionsashisincapacitytotakecareofhimself.
(2)no/notanymore…than…两者一样都不…
例句:
Itiswellacknowledgedbythepublicthattheheartisnoanymoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrainaltogether.
(3)no/notanyless…than…两者一样都…
例句:
IwasgoodatalmostallsubjectswhenIwasinthejuniorhighschool,andparticularlyspeaking,mathematicswasnoanylessgoodthanphysicsatthattime.
(4)justas…so…正如…,…也…(会使用到倒装结构)
例如:
Justaschocolateisapartofmyfavoritefood,soistheicecream.
三、虚拟语气
简明概述:
虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反,是一种主观假想的情况。
时态:
可表示过去、现在和将来,特征是时态相应退后。
1.与现在事实相反的主观假设:
条件从句
主句
一般现在时改为一般过去时注:
be动词一律改为were
should/would/could/might+动词原形
例句:
IftherewereanEnglishdictionary,wecouldconsultitforthisdifficultword.
Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewoulddousafavortomovetheheavybox.
2.与过去事实相反的主观假设:
条件从句
主句
一般过去时改为过去完成时
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
例句:
Ifhehadstudiedmorediligently,hewouldhavepassedtheexamundoubtedly.
Ifmyfavoriteteacherhadbeenhereyesterday,Iwouldhavepaidmoreattentiontothelesson.
Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
3.与将来事实相反的主观假设:
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
注:
be动词一律改为were
should/would/could/might+动词原形
were+todosth
should+动词原形
例句:
Ifyoumadegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.
Ifyouweretomakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.
Ifyoushouldmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.
混合条件句:
主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致,这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。
例句:
Ifyouhadfinishedyourhomeworkbyyourselfyesterday(过去),youwouldnotcopyother’sanswersinahurry(现在).
Ifyouhadaskedyourmotherhowtocooklastweek(过去),youwouldknowclearlyeachcookingstepofthedish(现在).
虚拟语气的倒装
如果从句中有were,should,had,则需要倒装。
倒装方法:
将if省略,再把were,should,had挪到从句的句首。
注:
如果从句中没有were,should,had,则不能省略if,也不可倒装。
例句:
原句:
Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.
倒装:
Weremybiggerbrotherhere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.
原句:
Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
倒装:
Hadthechildbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
原句:
Ifyoushouldmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefulto