英语中六大从句用法总结Word格式.docx
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Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.
Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
Whatwelackisexperience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.
IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
连词that常可省略。
介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.
*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.
*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.
*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
Hedidn'
tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。
表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,asif(though)等引导。
that常可省略。
如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.
Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.
Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。
常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.
IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.
Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。
定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。
who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于ofwhich;
which用于指物;
that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。
关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.
Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.
Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
ThatisallthatI'
veheardfromhim.
He'
sthefirstpersonthatI'
mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.
Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.
Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。
不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。
关系词不可省略。
Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings
Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。
as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行词problems)
Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.
2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。
AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.
Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:
because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。
Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:
so...that,such...that
sothat,that,so等。
MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:
sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词