高考英语 阅读微技能训练 篇章结构题1Word格式.docx

高考英语 阅读微技能训练 篇章结构题1Word格式.docx

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1.结构识辨:

此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。

结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：

●Howisthetextorganized?

●Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.

●Thetextismainlydevelopedintheorderof________.

●Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

2.组织结构功能:

此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：

Theauthorquoted…wordsin...paragraphinordertomakethearticle________.

3.结构推测:

此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。

其常见的题干表述方式如下：

Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkhasbeendiscussedinthepartbeforethisselection?

II、解题策略

[Example1]:

TheDietZone:

ADangerousPlace

DietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,no-fatdiet,vegetablediet...Wearesurroundedbytheword“diet”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically.

Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevel,wearenotallowingourbrainstoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweight,butincontrollingtheconsumptionoffatty,high-calorie,unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale（秤）instead.Allwehavetodoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet”infoodlabels.

Onanotherlevel,dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'

thavetoworktogetresults.Dietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaineswithoutpain,andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.

Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbenutritional,andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.

Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus,itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Loosingweightliesinthepowerofminds,notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethis,wewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproducts,andthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatesfromusingthem.

1.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

Tip1：

______________________________________________________________________

[Practice1]Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybefore:

changesforthebetter,changesfortheworse;

changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.

Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse;

ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.

Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings：

inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning；

inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.

Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons.AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.

WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线）,goodandilltogether.”Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.Butdoesithavetobeso?

Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?

Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?

1.Whichofthefollowingbestshowst