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二〇一八年五月二十九日

-1-

英文文献

Single-chip

SCMisalsoknownasmicro-controller（MicrocontrollerUnit）,commonlyusedlettersoftheacronymMCUthatitwasfirstusedinindustrialcontrol.

OnlyasinglechipbytheCPUchipdevelopedfromadedicatedprocessor.ThefirstdesignisbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUonachipinthecomputersystem,smaller,moreeasilyintegratedintoacomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevicewhich.INTEL'

sZ80isthefirstdesignedinaccordancewiththisideaprocessor,thenonthedevelopmentofmicrocontrolleranddedicatedprocessorshavepartedways.

Are8-bitmicrocontrollerearlyor4bits.OneofthemostsuccessfulistheINTEL8031,forasimple,reliableandgoodperformancewasalotofpraise.Thendevelopedin8031outofMCS51MCUSystems.SCMsystemsbasedonthissystemuntilnowisstillwidelyused.Withtheincreasedrequirementsofindustrialcontrolfield,begana16-bitmicrocontroller,becausethecostisnotsatisfactorybuthavenotbeenverywidelyused.After90yearswiththegreatdevelopmentofconsumerelectronics,microcontrollertechnologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WithINTELi960series,especiallythelaterseriesofwidelyusedARM,32-bitmicrocontrollerquicklyreplacehigh-end16-bitMCUstatusandenterthemainstreammarket.Thetraditional8-bitmicrocontrollerperformancehavebeentherapidincreasecapacityincreasecomparedto80thenumberoftimes.Currently,high-end32-bitmicrocontrollerclockedover300MHz,theperformancecatchingthemid-90'

sdedicatedprocessor,whiletheaveragemodelpricesfalltooneU.S.dollars,themosthigh-end[1]modelonly10dollars.ModernSCMsystemsarenolongeronlyinthedevelopmentanduseofbaremetalenvironment,alargenumberofproprietaryembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofSCM.Thehandheldcomputersandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endmicrocontrollercanevenuseadedicatedWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.

SCMismoresuitablethanthespecificprocessorusedinembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.InfactthenumberofSCMistheworld'

slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillbeintegratedsinglechip.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamousewitha1-2inboththeDepartmentofSCM.PersonalcomputerwillhavealargenumberofSCMinthework.Generalcarwithmorethan40SCM,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsmayevenhavehundredsofSCMinthesametimework!

SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandothercomputingthesum,orevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings

Singlechip,alsoknownassingle-chipmicrocontroller,itisnotcompleteacertainlogicchips,buttoacomputersystemintegratedintoachip.Equivalenttoamicro-computer,andcomputerthanjustthelackofamicrocontrollerI/Odevices.Generaltalk:

achipbecomesacomputer.Itssmallsize,lightweight,cheap,forthestudy,applicationanddevelopmentoffacilitiesprovided.Atthesametime,learningtousetheMCUistounderstandtheprincipleandstructureofthecomputerthebestchoice.

SCMandthecomputerfunctionsinternallywithsimilarmodules,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesameeffectaswell,andharddiskmemorydevices,anddifferentisitsperformanceofthesecomponentswererelativelyweakmanyofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislow,usuallynotmorethan10yuanyoucandowithit......somecontrolforaclassisnotverycomplicatedelectricalworkisenoughof.Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachine,smokehood,VCDandsoonapplianceswhichcouldseeitsshadow!

......Itisprimarilyasacontrolsectionofthecorecomponents

Itisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,control-lineisthatthesceneisneededisastrongeranti-jammingability,lowcost,andthisis,andoff-linecomputer（suchashomePC）,themaindifference.

Singlechip

MCUisthroughrunning,andcanbemodified.Throughdifferentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparticularspecialuniquefeatures,thisisanotherdevicemucheffortneedstobedone,somegreateffortsareverydifficulttodo.Anotverycomplexfunctionsifthe50'

swiththeUnitedStatesdeveloped74series,orthe60'

sCD4000seriesofthesepurehardwarebuttoned,thenthecircuitmustbealargePCBboard!

ButiftheUnitedStatesifthe70'

swithaseriesofsuccessfulSCMmarket,theresultwillbeadrasticchange!

Justbecauseyouarepreparedbymicr