高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类 2.docx

高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类 2.docx

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高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类2

人物传记类

第一部分五年高考题荟萃

Passage1

（09·浙江E篇）

FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn’tmuch—apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed–theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNA’spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing’sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule（分子）.Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin’srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”

AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”

No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.

57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.

B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.

D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

59.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”?

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.

B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.

D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

答案57.B58.C59.D60.A

Passage2

（09·重庆B篇）

HowtoBeaWinner

　　SirStevenRedgrave

　　Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals

　　“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）.Believingmycareer（职业生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”

　　KarenPickering

　　SwimmingWorldChampion

“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”

　　KirstenBest

　　Poet&Writer

“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological（心理的）tool”

　60.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?

　　A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.

　　B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.

　　C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.

　　D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.

　61.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?

　　A.Her