托福TPO阅读题汇总 细节题答案Word下载.doc

托福TPO阅读题汇总 细节题答案Word下载.doc

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○Insidepiecesofsandandgravel

○Ontopofbedsofrock

○Infastriversthatareflowingbeneaththesoil

○Inspacesbetweenpiecesofsediment

Paragraph6:

Thusaproportionofthetotalvolumeofanysediment,looseorcemented,consistsofemptyspace.Mostcrystallinerocksaremuchmoresolid;

acommonexceptionisbasalt,aformofsolidifiedvolcaniclava,whichissometimesfulloftinybubblesthatmakeitveryporous.

Paragraph7:

Theproportionofemptyspaceinarockisknownasitsporosity.Butnotethatporosityisnotthesameaspermeability,whichmeasurestheeasewithwhichwatercanflowthroughamaterial;

thisdependsonthesizesoftheindividualcavitiesandthecreviceslinkingthem.

10.Accordingtoparagraphs6and7,whyisbasaltunlikemostcrystallineformsofrock?

○Itisunusuallysolid.

○Itoftenhashighporosity.

○Ithasalowproportionofemptyspace.

○Itishighlypermeable.

Paragraph1:

Inseekingtodescribetheoriginsoftheater,onemustrelyprimarilyonspeculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.Theprocessperceivedbytheseanthropologistsmaybesummarizedbriefly.Duringtheearlystagesofitsdevelopment,asocietybecomesawareofforcesthatappeartoinfluenceorcontrolitsfoodsupplyandwell-being.Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses,itattributesbothdesirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.Perceivinganapparentconnectionbetweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegrouprepeats,refinesandformalizesthoseactionsintofixedceremonies,orrituals.

3.Accordingtoparagraph1,theoriesoftheoriginsoftheater

○aremainlyhypothetical

○arewellsupportedbyfactualevidence

○haverarelybeenagreeduponbyanthropologists

○wereexpressedintheearlystagesoftheater’sdevelopment

4.Accordingtoparagraph1,whydidsomesocietiesdevelopandrepeatceremonialactions?

○Toestablishapositiveconnectionbetweenthemembersofthesociety

○Tohelpsocietymembersbetterunderstandtheforcescontrollingtheirfoodsupply

○Todistinguishtheirbeliefsfromthoseofothersocieties

○Toincreasethesociety’sprosperity

Stories（myths）maythengrowuparoundaritual.Frequentlythemythsincluderepresentativesofthosesupernaturalforcesthattheritescelebrateorhopetoinfluence.Performersmaywearcostumesandmaskstorepresentthemythicalcharactersorsupernaturalforcesintheritualsorinaccompanyingcelebrations.Asapersonbecomesmoresophisticated,itsconceptionsofsupernaturalforcesandcausalrelationshipsmaychange.Asaresult,itmayabandonormodifysomerites.Butthemythsthathavegrownuparoundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroup’soraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.Whenthisoccurs,thefirststephasbeentakentowardtheaterasanautonomousactivity,andthereafterentertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygraduallyreplacetheformermysticalandsociallyefficaciousconcerns.

7.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatmaycausesocietiestoabandoncertainrites?

○Emphasizingtheaterasentertainment

○Developinganewunderstandingofwhyeventsoccur

○Findingamoresophisticatedwayofrepresentingmythicalcharacters

○Movingfromaprimarilyoraltraditiontoamorewrittentradition

Thetransitionfromforesttotreelesstundraonamountainslopeisoftenadramaticone.Withinaverticaldistanceofjustafewtensofmeters,treesdisappearasalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,herbs,andgrasses.Thisrapidzoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberlineortreeline.Inmanysemiaridareasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforestpassesintosteppeordesertatitsloweredge,usuallybecauseofalackofmoisture.

2.Whereisthelowertimberlinementionedinparagraph1likelytobefound?

○Inanareathathaslittlew