2019年 上海高三英语二模-6选4 有答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

2019年 上海高三英语二模-6选4 有答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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B.Thisphenomenonhasvariouslybeencalledenvironmental,eco-orgreengentrification.

C.Greeningandenvironmentalcleanupdonotautomaticallyornecessarilyleadtogentrification.

D.Thiscreatespressuretorezoneindustriallandforresidentialtowersorprofitablecommercialspace,inexchangefordeveloper-fundercleanup.

E.Butitcandriveuprealestatepricesanddisplacelow-andmiddle–incomeresidents.

F.Environmentalgentrificationnaturalizesthedisappearanceofmanufacturingandtheworkingclass.

SustainableCitiesNeedMoreThanParks,CafesandaRiverwalk

Therearemanystandardsthataimtorankhowgreencitiesare.Butwhatdoesitactuallymeanforacitytobegreenorsustainable?

We’vewrittenaboutwhatwecallthe“Parks,cagesandaRiverwalk”modelofsustainability,whichfocusesonprovidingnewgreenspaces,mainlyforhigh-incomepeople.Thisvisionofshinyresidentialtowersandwaterfrontparkshasbecomeawidely-sharedconceptionofwhatgreencitiesshouldlooklike.67

Gentrification（住宅高档化）hasbecomeacatch-alltermusedtodescribeneighborhoodchange,andisoftenmisunderstoodastheonlypathtoneighborhoodimprovement.Infact,itsdefiningfeatureisdisplacement.Typically,peoplewhomoveintothesechangingneighborhoodsarewealthierandmoreeducatedthanresidentswhoaredisplaced.

Arecentfloodofnewresearchhasfocusedonthedisplacementeffectsofenvironmentalcleanupandgreenspaceinitiatives.68

Landfornewdevelopmentandresourcestofundextensivecleanupofpoisonoussitesarescarceinmanycities,69Andinneighborhoodswheregentrificationhasalreadybegun,anewparkorfarmersmarketcanworsentheproblembymakingtheareaevenmoreattractivetopotentialhigh-incomepeopleandpricingoutlong-termresidents.Insomecases,developersevencreatetemporarycommunitygardensorfarmersmarketsorpromisemoregreenspacethantheyeventuallydeliver,inordertomarketaneighborhoodtobuyerslookingforgreenpleasantness.

70Itmakesdeindustrializationseembothinevitableanddesirable,oftenbyquiteliterallyreplacingindustrywithmorenatural-lookinglandscapes.Whentheseneighborhoodsarefinallycleanedup,afteryearsofactivismbylongtimeresidents,thoseadvocatesoftenareunabletostayandenjoythebenefitsoftheirefforts.

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2019嘉定二模

A.Webelieveitoffersawaytoreceivesupportthatisoftenlacking.

B.Thementoringprogramwaslaunchedin2013inoneofthepoliceforcesinEnglandandWales.

C.Formalmentoringprogramsprovideanopportunitytoencouragethediscussionofdifficultandsensitivetopics.

D.However,whatwearewonderingiswhymentoringhassuchgreatimpactonmentorsaswellasmentees.

E.Mentorsheardtheirmentees’accountsofanxictyandrealizedthesefeelings---whichtheyalsoshared---werecommon.

F.Weknowfarless,howeverabouthowmentoringmightbenefitmentorsthemselves.

Decadesofresearchhasdemonstratedhowjunioremployeesbenefitfrombeingmentored（指导）.Guidancefromseniorcolleagueshasalsobeenshowntoenhancementees’jobperformanceandsatisfaction.____67____

Wewereespeciallyinterestedinunderstandinghowmentoringmighthelpmentorswhoworkinstressfuloccupations.Mentalhealthisagrowingconcernwithinoccupationsthatplayimportantsocialroles,suchasmedicalprofessionals,firefighters,andpoliceofficers.Andbecausepolicingisoneofthemoststressfuloccupations,withhighlevelsofmentalhealthandwell-beingdifficulties,weconductedastudyofaformalmentoringprograminanEnglishpoliceforce.

________68________Itwasdesignedtosupportthedevelopmentofjuniorofficersbygivingthemawaytodiscussconcernsandreceiveguidance.Ourstudyinvolvedtwoparts.First,weconductedafieldexperiment:

wecomparedthementalhealthof17mentor-menteepairstoacontrolgroupof18pairsofseniorandjuniorofficersthatdidnotparticipateintheprogram.Second,weinterviewedboththementeesandtheirmentorsseparately.

Ourexperimentresultsshowedthatpeoplewhoservedasmentorsexperiencedlowerlevelsofanxiety,anddescribedtheirjobasmoremeaningful,thanthosewhodidnotmentor.Welearnedfromourinterviewsthatmentoringaffordedseniorofficers,aswellasjuniorofficers,achancetodiscussandreflectonconcerns.________69________Byacknowledgingthattheseanxietieswerecommon,bothmenteesandmentorsgrewmorecomfortableindiscussingthemandinsharingdifferentcopingmechanisms.

Whydoesmentoringhavethisimpactonmentors?

________70________despitethepressuresthatcomeswiththeirroles---includingabuse,difficultdecisionmakin