Context and dynamics_ The new frontier for developmental research on emotion regulationWord文件下载.docx

Context and dynamics_ The new frontier for developmental research on emotion regulationWord文件下载.docx

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EmotionRegulation

JenniferS.Silk

UniversityofPittsburgh

Despitemuchresearchandprogressinunderstandingthedevelopmentofemotionregulationoverthepast3decades,thereisstillmuchtobeunderstoodabouthowdevelopingindividualsmodulatetheiraffectastheygoabouttheirdailylife.Thepapersinthisspecialissuehighlightcontextanddynamicsas2importantintersectingfociforfuturedevelopmentalresearchonemotionregulation.Ecologicalmomentaryassessment,passivesensing,andotherambulatorymethodsofferexcitingnewtoolsforcapturingcontextualfeaturesoftheenvironmentthatmayinfluencetheselectionofemotionregulationstrategiesandtheeffectivenessofspecificstrategiesindifferentcontexts.Newinterdisciplinary,methodological,andquantitativeapproachesalsooffernewtoolsforbettercharacterizingthetemporaldynamicsofemotionregulation,includingafocusonthecoregulationofaffectbetweenparentsandchildren.Thenextgenerationofemotionregulationresearcherswillrequireadvancedinterdisciplinary,quantitative,andtechnologicalskillstobeabletoleveragenewtoolsthatcanbettercharacterizethefine-graineddynamicsofemotionregulationprocessesandtheprecisewaysinwhichsocialcontextualfeaturesmodulatetheseprocesses.

Keywords:

emotionregulation,emotiondynamics,ecologicalmomentaryassessment,coregulation,passivesensing

Theimportanceofemotionregulationasacentralprocessunderlyingadaptivesocialandemotionaldevelopmenthasgainedwidespreadacceptanceoverthepast25years.Thepublicationofthe1994MonographoftheSocietyforResearchinChildDevelopmentonthetopicofemotionregulation（Fox,1994）,whichfeaturedasetofground-breakingpapersdefiningtheconstruct（Calkins,1994;

Campos,Mumme,Kermoian,&

Campos.1994;

Cole,Michel,&

Teti,1994;

Kagan,1994;

Thompson,1994）,markedthebeginningofaburgeoningfieldofresearch.Yetadecadelater,thefieldstillstruggledwithconceptualandmethodologicalchallengesinoperationalizingandinvestigatingthiscomplexandelusivetopic.In2004,Cole,Martin,andDennistackledthesechallengesinathought-provokingpaperthattaskedfutureemotionregulationresearcherswithimprovingthequalityofthisresearchbyanalyzingthetimecourseofemotionandmeasuringemotionregulationacrosscontrastingcontextsusingmultipleconvergingmeasures.

Inthe15yearssincethepublicationofColeetal.’s（2004）criticalanalysis,developmentalistshavemadesignificantstridesutilizingmultimethodapproachestostudyemotionregulation.Yetwestilllackanuancedunderstandingofhowemotionregulationismodulatedbycontextualfactorsandhowitunfoldsdynamicallyovertime.Asweenterafourthdecadeofactiveresearchonthisconstruct,newtechnologies,statisticalapproaches,andinterdisciplinaryadvancesmakeitpossibletobetterachievesomeofthe

CorrespondenceconcerningthisarticleshouldbeaddressedtoJenniferS.Silk.DepartmentofPsychology.UniversityofPittsburgh.210SouthBouquetStreet,Pittsburgh.PA15260.E-mail:

jss4@pitt.edugoalsoriginallyenvisionedbypioneeringemotionregulationresearchers.Thepapersinthisspecialissueexemplifyhowadeeperfocusonthecontextanddynamicsofemotionregulationcanmovethefieldforwardtowardamorecompleteunderstandingofhowthedevelopingindividualmodulateshisorheremotionsastheygoabouttheirdailylife.

Inherentinthisgoalisaneedtomovebeyondrelianceonquestionnairemeasuresofemotionregulationasatraitratherthanaprocess.Questionnairesrequirepeopletoretrospectivelyreportontypicalregulatorybehaviorscollapsedacrosstimeandplace,regardlessofcontextualfeaturessuchastheirgoalsinthesituationandtheresourcesavailabletothematthetime.Forexample,aretheywiththeirfriendsortheirfamily?

Aretheydealingwithaproblemthatcanbeeasilysolvedorasituationthatwouldbehardtochange?

Aretheyhavingagooddayorabadday?

Attestingtotheimportanceofthesecontextualfactors,Bensonetal.（2019）pointoutthatecologicalmomentaryassessmentstudieshavetypicallydemonstratedmorewithin-personvariationinemotionregulationstrategyuseacrosstimeandcontextthanbetween-subjectsvariability.Forthisreason,anestimatedaverageregulatoryresponsethatignoresthecontextualfeaturesthatgenerallyshapeemotionalrespondingmayhavelimitedvalueforunderstandingindividualdifferencesindevelopmentandpsychosocialadjustment.

EcologicalMomentaryAssessmentApproachesto

MeasuringtheSocialContextofEmotionRegulation

Ambulatoryassessmentapproachesofferincreasinglyfeasiblemethodsformeasuringhowcontextualfeaturesoftheenvironmentshapeemotionregulationbehaviors.For