英译汉 Grant_and_LeeWord格式.docx

英译汉 Grant_and_LeeWord格式.docx

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英译汉@#@GrantandLee:

@#@AStudyinContrasts@#@WhenUlyssesS.GrantandRobertE.LeemetintheparlorofamodesthouseatAppomattoxCourtHouse,Virginia,onApril9,1865,toworkoutthetermsforthesurrenderofLee’sArmyofNorthernVirginia,agreatchapterinAmericanlifecametoaclose,andagreatnewchapterbegan.@#@ThesemenwerebringingtheCivilWartoitsvirtualfinish.Tobesure,otherarmieshadyettosurrender,andforafewdaysthefugitiveConfederategovernmentwouldstruggledesperatelyandvainly,tryingtofindsomewaytogoonlivingnowthatitschiefsupportwasgone.ButineffectitwasalloverwhenGrantandLeesignedthepapers.Andthelittleroomwheretheywroteoutthetermswasthesceneofoneofthepoignant,dramaticcontrastsinAmericanhistory.@#@Theyweretwostrongmen,theseoddlydifferentgenerals,andtheyrepresentedthestrengthsoftwoconflictingcurrentsthat,throughthem,hadcomeintofinalcollision.@#@BackofRobertE.LeewasthenotionthattheoldaristocraticconceptmightsomehowsurviveandbedominantinAmericanlife.@#@LeewastidewaterVirginia,andinhisbackgroundwerefamily,culture,andtradition…theageofchivalrytransplantedtoaNewWorldwhichwasmakingitsownlegendsanditsownmyths.HeembodiedawayoflifethathadcomedownthroughtheageofknighthoodandtheEnglishcountrysquire.Americawasalandthatwasbeginningalloveragain,dedicatedtonothingmuchmorecomplicatedthantheratherhazybeliefthatallmenhadequalrightsandshouldhaveanequalchanceintheworld.InsuchalandLeestoodforthefeelingthatitwassomehowofadvantagetohumansocietytohaveapronouncedinequalityinthesocialstructure.@#@Thereshouldbealeisureclass,backedbyownershipofland;@#@inturn,societyitselfshouldbekeyedtothelandasthechiefsourceofwealthandinfluence.Itwouldbringforth（accordingtothisideal）aclassofmenwithastrongsenseofobligationtothecommunity;@#@menwholivednottogainadvantageforthemselves,buttomeet@#@Page8@#@thesolemnobligationswhichhadbeenlaidonthembytheveryfactthattheywereprivileged.Fromthemthecountrywouldgetitsleadership;@#@tothemitcouldlookforthehighervalues—ofthought,ofconduct,ofpersonaldeportment—togiveitstrengthandvirtue.@#@Leeembodiedthenoblestelementsofthisaristocraticideal.Throughhim,thelandednobilityjustifieditself.Forfouryears,theSouthernstateshadfoughtadesperatewartoupholdtheidealsforwhichLeestood.Intheend,italmostseemedasiftheConfederacyfoughtforLee;@#@asifhehimselfwastheconfederacy…thebestthingthatthewayoflifeforwhichtheConfederacystoodcouldeverhavetooffer.@#@HehadpassedintolegendbeforeAppomattox.Thousandsoftired,underfed,poorlyclothedConfederatesoldiers,longsincepastthesimpleenthusiasmoftheearlydaysofthestruggle,somehowconsidered Leethesymbolofeverythingfor whichtheyhadbeenwillingtodie.Buttheycouldnotquiteputthisfeelingintowords.IftheLostCause,sanctifiedbysomuchheroismandsomanydeaths,hadalivingjustification,itsjustificationwasGeneralLee.@#@Grant,thesonofatannerontheWesternfrontier,waseverythingLeewasnot.Hehadcomeupthehardwayandembodiednothinginparticularexcepttheeternaltoughnessandsinewyfiberofthemenwhogrewupbeyondthemountains.Hewasoneofabodyofmenwhoowedreverenceandobeisancetonoone,whowereself–relianttoafault,whocaredhardlyanythingforthepastbutwhohadasharpeyeforthefuture.@#@Thesefrontiermenwerethepreciseoppositesofthetidewateraristocrats.Backofthem,inthegreatsurgethathadtakenpeopleovertheAllegheniesandintotheopeningWesterncountry,therewasadeep,implicitdissatisfactionwithapastthathadsettledintogrooves.Theystoodfordemocracy,notfromanyreasonedconclusionabouttheproperorderingofhumansociety,butsimplybecausetheyhadgrownupinthemiddleofdemocracyandknewhowitworked.Theirsocietymighthaveprivileges,buttheywouldbeprivilegeseachmanhadwonforhimself.Formsandpatternsmeantnothing.Nomanwasborntoanything,exceptperhapstoachancetoshowhowfarhecouldrise.Lifewascompetition.@#@Yetalongwiththisfeelinghadcomeadeepsenseofbelonging toanationalcommunity.TheWesternerwhodevelopedafarm,openedashop,orsetupinbusinessasatrader,couldhopetoprosperonlyashisowncommunityprospered—andhiscommunityranfromtheAtlantictothePacificandfromCanadadowntoMexico.Ifthelandwassettled,withtownsandhighwaysandaccessiblemarkets,hecouldbetterhimself.Hesawhisfateintermsofthenation’sowndestiny.Asitshorizonsexpanded,sodidhis.Hehad,inotherwords,anacutedollars–and–centsstakeinthecontinuedgrowthanddevel