精神医学名词解释(英文)Word格式文档下载.doc
《精神医学名词解释(英文)Word格式文档下载.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《精神医学名词解释(英文)Word格式文档下载.doc(2页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
akindofdisturbancesofconsciousness.Acuteconfusionalstateisanorganically-causeddeclineofconsciousnesslevel,likebrainorganicdisorder,infected,brainsinjuryorsevereunbalanceofelectrolyte.Itinvolvesothercognitivedeficits,disturbancesofbehavior,perceptualdeficits,alteredsleep-wakecycle,andpsychoticfeaturessuchashallucinationsanddelusions.thesymptomislightinthedaytimeandsevereatnight.
Dementia:
isakindofsevereandcontinuouscognitivedisorders.thesyndromearecharacterizedbygeneralizedimpairmentofintellect,memory,andpersonality,withnoimpairmentofconsciousness.thecommoncausesarealzheimer.Theonsetisgradualmostlyandthecourseislong,soitisalsocalledchronicbrainsyndrome.
Hallucination:
isaperceptionexperiencedintheabsenceofanexternalstimulustothecorrespondingsenseorgan.Pseudohallucination:
noexternalstimuli,aninvoluntaryandnovividenoughsensoryexperienceformsinthesubjects.
illusion:
isamisperceptionofanexternalstimulus,anillusiondescribesamisinterpretationofatruesensation.Forexample,hearingvoicesregardlessoftheenvironmentwouldbeahallucination,whereashearingvoicesinthesoundofrunningwater(orotherauditorysource)wouldbeanillusion.
Gansersyndromeisararedissociativedisorderpreviously.Itischaracterizedbynonsensicalorwronganswerstoquestionswhichcanbeunderstanded,whichseemsliketobedeliberate.Otherdissociativesymptomssuchasfugue,amnesiaorconversiondisorder,disorientationintimeandspace.
Obsession:
recurrentthoughts,aideaorimpulsion.Thoughthepatientsknowthesearewrong,unnecessary,unreasonable,theycannotovercomeanddisencumber.Symptomsincludeobsessionalthoughts,ruminations,doubts,impulsesorwill,reminiscence,ect.
Stuporisthelackofcriticalcognitivefunctionandalevelofconsciousnesswhereinasuffererisalmostentirelyunresponsivetostimuli.Apersonisalsorigidandmute,urinaryandstoolretentionandonlyliketobeconsciousastheeyesareopenandfollowsurroundingobjects.
Schizophreniacomprisesagroupofpsychoticdisordersofunknownspecificetiologyoftenpresentedwithagradualonsetofabnormalitiesinperception,thought,motionandbehaviorsinceyoungadulthood.Consciousnessisusuallymaintained.Intelligenceisintact,thereissomedegreeofcognitiveimpairment.Thenaturalcourseofthedisorderischronicremittingbutsometimesdeteriorating.
4A症状:
Associationdisorder(联想障碍)Affectiveblunting(apathy)情感迟钝Ambivalence(矛盾观念)Autism(内向性)Schneider一级症状:
Audiblethoughts(思维化声)Voicesarguingordiscussing(争论性幻听)Voicescommenting(评论性幻听)Somaticpassivityexperiences(躯体被动体验)affectpassivityexperiences(情感被动体验)Thoughtwithdrawal(思维被夺)Thoughtinsertion(思维插入)Thoughtbroadcastingordiffusion(思维被广播或扩散)Delusionalperceptions(妄想性知觉)madevolition,madeaffect,andmadeimpulses(被强加的意志、情感、冲动)
ECT适应症:
严重抑郁,有强烈自伤、自杀企图及行为者,以及明显自责自罪者(最佳适应症:
高自杀危险、抑郁性木僵);
极度兴奋躁动冲动伤人者(当严重躁狂发作而药物治疗见效慢或疗效不佳时,应首选ECT);
拒食、违拗和紧张性木僵者;
精神药物治疗无效或对药物治疗不能耐受者
EPS:
急性肌张力障碍:
扭转痉挛,动眼危象,角弓反张,肌注东莨菪碱0.3mg;
静坐不能:
不宁腿,伴明显焦虑,想死;
安坦2-4mg/天;
类帕金森综合征:
震颤,肌张力增高,运动减少;
迟发性运动障碍(TD):
不自主节律运动、舞蹈样动作,