基础工程期末复习总结文档格式.doc

基础工程期末复习总结文档格式.doc

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名词解释：

天然地基：

开挖基坑后可以直接修筑基础的地基。

连续基础：

柱下条形基础、交叉条形基础、筏型基础和箱型基础统称为连续基础。

积极隔振：

对于本身是振源的机器，为了减小它对周围设备及建筑物的影响，将它与地基隔离开来。

消极隔振：

对于允许振动很小的精密仪器和设备，为了避免周围振源对它的影响，将它与地基隔离开来。

群桩效应：

竖向荷载作用下，由于承台、桩、土相互作用，群桩基础中的一根桩单独受荷时的承载力和沉降性状，往往与相同地质条件和设置方法的同样独立单桩有显著差别，这种现象称为群桩效应。

负摩阻力：

当桩侧土体因某种原因而下沉，且其下沉量大于桩的沉降（即桩侧土体相对于桩向下位移）时，土对桩产生的向下作用的摩阻力，称为负摩阻力。

膨胀土：

一般指黏粒成分主要由亲水性黏土矿物组成，同时具有显著的吸水膨胀和失水收缩两种变形特性的黏性土。

自由膨胀率：

指研磨成粉末的干燥土样（结构内部无约束力）或易崩解的岩样，浸泡于水中，经充分吸水膨胀后所增加的体积原干体积的百分比。

膨胀率：

指原状土（岩）样经侧限压缩后浸水膨胀后稳定，并逐级卸荷至某级压力时的土（岩）样单位体积的稳定膨胀量（以百分数表示）

湿陷性黄土：

在覆盖土层的自重应力或自重应力和建