基础工程期末复习总结文档格式.doc
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名词解释:
天然地基:
开挖基坑后可以直接修筑基础的地基。
连续基础:
柱下条形基础、交叉条形基础、筏型基础和箱型基础统称为连续基础。
积极隔振:
对于本身是振源的机器,为了减小它对周围设备及建筑物的影响,将它与地基隔离开来。
消极隔振:
对于允许振动很小的精密仪器和设备,为了避免周围振源对它的影响,将它与地基隔离开来。
群桩效应:
竖向荷载作用下,由于承台、桩、土相互作用,群桩基础中的一根桩单独受荷时的承载力和沉降性状,往往与相同地质条件和设置方法的同样独立单桩有显著差别,这种现象称为群桩效应。
负摩阻力:
当桩侧土体因某种原因而下沉,且其下沉量大于桩的沉降(即桩侧土体相对于桩向下位移)时,土对桩产生的向下作用的摩阻力,称为负摩阻力。
膨胀土:
一般指黏粒成分主要由亲水性黏土矿物组成,同时具有显著的吸水膨胀和失水收缩两种变形特性的黏性土。
自由膨胀率:
指研磨成粉末的干燥土样(结构内部无约束力)或易崩解的岩样,浸泡于水中,经充分吸水膨胀后所增加的体积原干体积的百分比。
膨胀率:
指原状土(岩)样经侧限压缩后浸水膨胀后稳定,并逐级卸荷至某级压力时的土(岩)样单位体积的稳定膨胀量(以百分数表示)
湿陷性黄土:
在覆盖土层的自重应力或自重应力和建