acid-rain酸雨英文版PPT推荐.ppt
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Chapter1,Thedefinitionofacidrain,“Acidrain”isabroadtermusedtodescribeseveralwaysthatacidsfalloutoftheatmosphere.Amoreprecisetermisaciddeposition(沉积物),whichhastwoparts:
@#@wetanddry.Itcandoharmtoplants,aquaticanimals,andinfrastructure(基础设施).,WetDeposition-istheprocessbywhichacidswithapHbelow5.6areremovedfromtheatmosphereintheformofrain,snow,sleet,andmist.DryDeposition-occurswhenparticlessuchasvolcanicash,sulphates,andnitratesaredepositedontoasurfaceandarethenconvertedintoacidswhentheycontactwater.,Chapter2,Theacidraininchina,PlacessignificantlyimpactedbyacidrainaroundtheglobeIncludeChina,EspeciallythecentralandsouthwestregionsofChina.,In1980smainlyinSiChuanProvince,GuiZhouProvince,GuangXiProvinceandGuangDongProvince,approximately1,700,000kilometers.Inthemiddleof90sspreadedover2,000,000kilometers,NowChangSha,GanZhou,NanChangandHuaiHuaarethemostsevereaffectedareasinChinaacidrainrateisover90%.RegionsbesideYellowRiveraretheothermainareasofacidrainAcidrainhascoveredmorethan30%ofthewholelandinChina,Chapter3,Thecauseofacidrain,Scientistsdiscovered,andhaveconfirmed,thatsulfurdioxide(SO2)andnitrogenoxides(NOx)aretheprimarycausesofacidrain.IntheUS,About2/3ofallSO2and1/4ofallNOxcomesfromelectricpowergenerationthatreliesonburningfossilfuelslikecoal.,Acidrainoccurswhenthesegasesreactintheatmospherewithwater,oxygen,andotherchemicalstoformvariousacidiccompounds.Sunlightincreasestherateofmostofthesereactions.Theresultisamildsolutionofsulfuricacidandnitricacid.,CausesofAcidRainSulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxides(二氧化硫和氮氧化物),Naturalcause,FireVolcanoeruptionBacterialdecompositionLightning,Volcanoeruption,lightning,Bacterialdecomposition,fire,Humanactivities,VehiclegasesFossilfuels,IndustrialProductioncivilianlife,Vehiclegases,Fossilfuels,IndustrialProduction,civilianlife,Themaincauseofacidrain,Chapter4,Theinfluenceandsolutions,Theinfluence?
@#@,3,2,1,Also,theinfluenceincludethat:
@#@SurfacewatersandaquaticanimalsForestsandsoilAutomotivecoatingsMaterials(metals,buildings,statues)VisibilityHumanhealth,Theepilogue,solution,China1.Improvetheenvironmentallawsandregulations,strengthensupervision(监督)andmanagement2.Adjusttheenergystructure,improvingcombustiontechnology(燃煤技术)3.Improvethetrafficenvironment,controlvehicleexhaust(排气;@#@废气)4.Tostrengthenafforestation(植树造林),toexpandthegreenarea5.LimitthetotalareaofSO2emissions(排放量)6.Increasepublicparticipation,TheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountries1.Internationaltreaties(条约)Anumberofinternationaltreatiesaboutatmosphericpollutionhavebeenagreed.CanadaandtheUSsignedtheAirQualityAgreementin1991.MostEuropeancountriesandCanadahavesignedthetreaties.,2.Emissions(排污权)tradingEmissionstradingisamarket-basedapproachusedtocontrolpollutionbyprovidingeconomicincentives(动机;@#@刺激)forachievingreductionsintheemissionsofpollution3.Improvedautomotiveenginetechnology,installationofexhaustgaspurification(净化)devicetoreduceemissionsofnitrogenoxides.,Whatcanwedo?
@#@,Turnofflights,computers,andotherapplianceswhenyourenotusingthem.2.Useenergy-efficientappliances:
@#@lighting,airconditioners,heaters,refrigerators,washingmachines,etc.3.Limittheuseofairconditioners,4.Usepublictransportation,orbetteryet,walkorbicyclewheneverpossible5.BuyvehicleswithlowNOxemissions,andproperlymaintainyourvehicle.,Thankyou,