知识产权侵权对经济增长的影响外文文献翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

知识产权侵权对经济增长的影响外文文献翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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TheEffectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsViolationsonEconomicGrowth（知识产权侵权对经济增长的影响）

国外作者：

PatrickG.McLennan,QuanV.Le

文献出处：

《ModernEconomy》,2011,2

（2）:

107-113

字数统计：

英文3346单词，18265字符；

中文5841汉字

外文文献：

TheEffectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsViolationsonEconomicGrowth

Abstract Thispaperexaminestherelationshipbetweenintellectualproperty

rights（IPRs）andthegrowthrateofpercapitaGDPduringtheperiod1996-2006inasample71countries.UsingsoftwarepiracydataasaproxyforIPRviolations,wefindthatcountrieswithincreasingratesofsoftwarepiracyhavelowergrowthrates.Wealsofindthatstateswithstrongcommitmentstoenactpoliciestoprotectintellectualpropertyrightsareabletoachievehighergrowthrates.

Keywords:

IntellectualPropertyRights,SoftwarePiracy,EconomicGrowth

1.Introduction

Thispaperconsidersintellectualpropertyrights（IPRs）afundamentalinstitutionforeconomicgrowth.Wealsoviewthestateasequallyimportantbecauseimplementinglawstoprotectpropertycannotbeprovidedthroughprivatemeans;

enforcementmustcomefromalegitimatesource.PreviousstudiesfocusontheabilityofthestatetoproduceanddistributeIPRprotection,oritsinabilitytoenforcethem.

ThispaperexplorestheroleofIPRviolationsoneconomicgrowth.Specifically,itfocusesontheratesatwhichsoftwarepiracyisincreasing,whichdemonstratedeteriorationsinIPRprotection.Wehypothesizethatcountrieswithrisingratesof

softwarepiracyexhibitdecreasinggrowthratesofpercapitaGDP.AccordingtotheBusinessSoftwareAlliance（BSA）andInternationalDataCorporation（IDC）,softwarepiracyhasmanynegativeeconomicconsequences.IDCandBSA’sstudyrevealedthatdecreasingpiracyby10percentagepointsoverfouryearswouldaddmorethan2.4millionnewjobsandalmost$70billionintaxrevenuestolocalgovernmentsworldwide.Mostofthatnewemploymentandmostofanadditional

$400billioninGDPwouldbeaddedtolocaleconomies.Thus,theeffectsofintellectualpropertyrightsviolationsoneconomicgrowtharequiteclear.CountrieswithhigherratesofIPRviolationstendtohavelowergrowthrates.Inotherwords,whenbusinessisdisrupted,andgovernmentsignore,ortakeawaytheabilitytoproducelegitimatecapital,peoplebecomelessproductive,leadingtolowereconomicgrowth.

WetesttheconnectionbetweenGDPpercapitagrowthandsoftwarepiracy,alongwithagovernanceindicatorinasampleof71countriesfrom1996to2006.Althoughtheperiodismorelimitedthanpreviousstudies,thisindicatorexaminesaperiodinwhichtheworldhasseenincreasedmarketintegration,especiallyinthetechnologyindustries.TheIDCandBSAstatethat―theissuesindealingwithPCsoftwarepiracyinemergingmarketsremain—fromarapidinfluxofnewPCusersintheconsumerandsmallbusinesssectors,toincreasedavailabilityofpiratedsoftwareovertheInternetanddifficultenforcementandeducationoversometimessprawl-inggeographies‖.Thus,theriseofeconomicpowersinEastAsia,alongwiththeongoingimportanceofpetro-statesintheMiddleEast,givesfurthercontextforthestudy’simportance.

GiventhatpreviousstudieshavefocusedonthedistributionofIPRsorthebureaucraticinefficienciesassociatedwithbusinessgrowth,thispaperprovidesauniqueinsightintotheroleofpropertyrightsviolationsanditseffectsoneconomicgrowth.Softwarepiracyhasanegativeimpactoneconomicgrowthbecause,accordingtotheIDC,forevery$1insoftwaresold,thereisatleastanother$1.25inservicessoldindesign,install,customizeandsupportthatsoftware.Thatsoftwareandthoseadditionalservicesthendriveapproximately$1ofchannelrevenue.Mostof

theadditionalservicesorchannelsrevenuegoestolocalfirms.CountriesthathavesignificantIPRviolationscannottakeadvantageoftherevenuesgeneratedbyobtaininglegitimatesoftware.Further,theglobalpictureindicatesthatsoftwarepiracyremainsaglobalissueaffectingbothdevelopedworldandemergingcountries.AccordingtoIDCandBSA,thelegitimatesoftwaremarketindevelopedcountriesisalmost10timesthesizeofthatinemergingcountries;

however,thelossesfromsoftwarepiracyaremerelydouble.Thus,softwarepiracyhasanegativeimpactoneconomicgrowthinbothdevelopedcountriesandemergingcountries.

Thepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2providesabriefoverviewoftheliterature.ThedataandmeasuresusedintheempiricalanalysisaredescribedinSection3andtheresultsarediscussedinSection4.Section5offerstheconcludingremarkswithadiscussiononIPRsinChina.

2.ABriefOverviewoftheLiterature

Inhisearlierworkonpropertyrightsandeconomicgrowth,Leblangshowsthatcountriesthatprotectpropertyrightsgrowfasterthanthosethatdonot.Leblang