英语四级真题及答案Word文件下载.docx

英语四级真题及答案Word文件下载.docx

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vedoneithundredsoftimes."

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

WhyIntegrityMatters

WhatisIntegrity?

　　Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'

shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

RiskyBusiness

　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'

tseetheriskswe'

retaking,wecan'

tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'

tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"

unintentional"

doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.

"

ButEverybodyDoesIt"

　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'

retakingbyusingexcuses:

"

Everyoneelsedoesit,"

I'

mnothurtinganyone,"

or"

Ireallyneedthisgrade."

Excusescangetveryelaborate:

IknowI'

mlookingatanother'

sexam,eventhoughI'

msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'

snotcheatingbecauseI'

mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."

Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'

renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'

tseetherealchoicewe'

remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.

　　Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?

Ifyou'

dratherhideyouractions,that'

sagoodindicationthatyou'

retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

　　Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits（"

what'

sinitforme"

）,andsimplyhaven'

tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"

0"

onatestorassignment;

an"

F"

intheclass;

suspensionordismissalfromschool;

transcriptnotation;

andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:

youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'

tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot

　　Thosewhodon'

tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'

tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'

tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"

easier."

Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'

tgetthissimplemessage:

HonestyistheONLYpolicythatwor