天津市高考英语总复习专题三推理判断学案.docx

天津市高考英语总复习专题三推理判断学案.docx

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天津市高考英语总复习专题三推理判断学案

专题三　推理判断

挖命题

【考情探究】

考点

内容

五年考频统计

2014

天津卷

2015

天津卷

2016

天津卷

2017春

天津卷

2017夏

天津卷

2018春

天津卷

2018夏

天津卷

推理判断

主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。

要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对细节的理解和语篇逻辑关系的分析,做出一定的推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。

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9

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5

7

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分析解读　　1.细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节,但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解。

2.写作意图推断题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,推断作者的写作意图、目的。

3.推测文章来源题或者推测写作对象题要求考生本身具备一定的常识,要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等的特点有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳答案。

4.观点态度题主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。

要学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。

近五年天津高考对推理判断题的考查比重在阅读理解题总量的2/5左右;考查形式以细节推断题和逻辑推断题为主,偶尔考查目的、意图推断题和观点态度题。

过专题

【五年高考】

A组　自主命题·天津卷题组

Passage1（2018天津夏,B）词数:

407

WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?

”“No,butI􀆳llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”

“Oh,stop.Thereitis!

”

Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.

“MayIhelpyou?

”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We􀆳refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren􀆳tthatinterestedin?

Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?

Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?

”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!

”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What􀆳sthisplace?

”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it􀆳sourhome.”Myheartjolted（震颤）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!

Comedownimmediately!

”

“There􀆳ssomereallygoodstuff（艺术作品）upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn􀆳tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.

TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.

Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?

”

　　“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?

Wenevertoldanyone.”

“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I􀆳vealwayswantedtothankyou.”

1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?

A.Shewasapainter.

B.Shewasacommunityleader.

C.Shewasamuseumdirector.

D.Shewasajournalist.

2.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?

A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.

B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.

C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.

D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.

3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?

A.Puzzled.　　　　　B.Concerned.

C.Frightened.　　　　　D.Delighted.

4.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?

A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.

B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.

C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.

D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.

5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.

B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.

D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.

答案

1.A　

2.D　

3.A　

4.D　

5.C　

Passage2（2018天津夏,D）词数:

367

Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?

Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?

Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you􀆳llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.

Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild􀆳sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb（麻木的）tonewstimulation（刺激）,newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.

Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey􀆳dfeltcoldwateratfirst.

Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession（痴迷）manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crownedkinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.

Thepressuresof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat􀆳saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey􀆳dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.

Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.

1.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore　　　. 

A.anxioustodowonders

B.sensitivetoothers􀆳feelings

C.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabits

D.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem

2.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?

A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.

B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.

C.Tofollowtheteacher􀆳sadvice.

D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.

3.Thebirdwatchers􀆳behaviorshowsthatthey　　　. 

A.areverypatientintheirobservation

B.arereallyfascinatedbynature

C.careonlyaboutthenamesofbirds

D.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides

4.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?

A.Thenaturalbeautyisn􀆳tattractivetothem.

B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.

C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.

D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.

5.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould　　　. 

A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworld

B.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylife

C.openourmindtonewthingsandideas

D.tryourbesttoprotectnature

答案

1.D　

2.A　

3.C　

4.B　

5.A　

Passage3（2018天津春,B）词数:

385

Withasatisfiedsmile,KeishafinishedthelastsentenceofherEnglishessayaboutoneofherheroes,RosaParks,animportantfigureintheCivilRightsMovement.

“Keisha,”hermothershoutedfromdownstairs.“It􀆳salmost4:

15.”

“Don􀆳tworry.Iwon􀆳tbelate.”Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,asshealwaysreadtothenursinghome􀆳sresidents.Andonanimpulse（一时心血来潮）,sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.

AsKeishacamerunninginthedoor,themanagertoldher,“Wehaveanewresidentthisweek,Mrs.RubyWatson.She􀆳sstilladjustingtohernewsurroundings.You􀆳llfindherinRoom28.Andbytheway,Keisha,goodluck.”

Keishawalkeddownthehallwayataquickpace.AssheenteredRoom28,shemettwosharpbrowneyesstaringatherdoubtfully.

“I􀆳mKeishaJackson,avolunteer,”Keishaexplained.“Icomeheretohelppassthetimewithresidents,orreadtothem,or,...”Keishastartedstammering（结巴）asMrs.Watsoncontinuedtostareather.

“Ididn􀆳trequestanyonetokeepmecompany,”Mrs.Watsoninterrupted.“I􀆳malonemostofthetime,andthat􀆳showIpreferit.”

“Ibroughtalongsomefunnystories,”Keishasaidhesitantly.

“I􀆳mnotinthemoodforfunnystories,”Mrs.Watsonrepliedangrily.“Whatelsedoyouhave?

”

Nervously,Keishaopenedhernotebooktoheressay.Shereadthetitlealoud,“RosaParks:

AWomanofCourageandConviction（信念）.”SheglancedatMrs.Watsontoseehowshemightreact,buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson􀆳sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.

KeishareadhowRosaParks􀆳refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955inspiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.

“IwalkedwithRosaParksandDr.MartinLutherKing,”Mrs.Watsonsaidwithpride.“Thatwasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause...”Shepaused.

“Because...youwereawomanofcourageandconvictiontoo.”

Sittingupstraighter,Mrs.Watsonsaid,“Yes,IwasandIstillam.Thankyouforremindingme,Keisha.NextThursday,Iwilltellyoumystory.”

1.WhydidKeishatakeherEnglishnotebookalong?

A.Hermotheraskedhertotakeit.

B.Shewouldhanditinonherway.

C.Shemightreadheressaytosomeone.

D.Themanagerwantedtoreadheressay.

2.WhydidthemanagerwishKeishagoodluckbeforeshevisitedMrs.Watson?

A.Mrs.Watsoncouldbedifficult.

B.Mrs.Watsonwasinpoorhealth.

C.Keishawasfeelingnervous.

D.Keishawasashyperson.

3.Mrs.Watson􀆳seyes（Para.10）suggestedthatshewas　　　. 

A.amused　　　　B.puzzled　　　　C.annoyed　　　　D.interested

4.WhateffectdidKeisha􀆳sessayhaveonMrs.Watson?

A.Itarousedhercuriosityinvolunteerwork.

B.Itbuiltupherexpectationformorevisitors.

C.Itawokeherprideinherstruggleforcivilrights.

D.ItchangedherattitudetotheCivilRightsMovement.

5.Readersmayfindthisstoryinspiringbecause　　　. 

A.agirlenjoyslearningaboutherheroes

B.agirlhelpssomeonefeelappreciated

C.awomanovercomeshardshipbyherself

D.awomangathersthecourageforlife

答案

1.C　

2.A　

3.D　

4.C　

5.B　

Passage4（2018天津春,D）词数:

383

Mostpeoplearen􀆳tgoodatcreativeproblem-solvingfortworeasons:

（1）Theyarenottrainedinhowtobecreative.

（2）Theydon􀆳tunderstandgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness（驾驭）theirpowertomaximizegroupcreativity.

Akeyelementofcreativityisapplyingexistingknowledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeoplegettinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknowledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogethertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone.

Tofixthisproblem,youshouldconsiderthetwostagesofgroupproblem-solving:

divergence（分散）andconvergence（集中）.Divergencehappenswhenthegroupconsidersasmanydifferentpotentialsolutionsaspossible.Convergencehappenswhenthevariousproposedsolutionsareevaluatedandreducedtoasmallersetofcandidatesolutionstothecurrentproblem.

Theessentialprincipleofgroupcreativityisthatindividualsworkingalonediverge,whereasgroupmembersworkingtogetherconverge.Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.