计算机专业文献翻译用 Tomcat 和 Eclipse开发 Web 应用程序.docx

计算机专业文献翻译用 Tomcat 和 Eclipse开发 Web 应用程序.docx

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计算机专业文献翻译用Tomcat和Eclipse开发Web应用程序

DevelopingWebapplicationswithTomcatandEclipse

Requiredcomponents

TheEclipseV3.2Callistointegrateddevelopmentenvironment（IDE）includestoolsfordoingWebdevelopmentandintegratingwithservers.So,asidefromthesoftwaredevelopmentkit（SDK）,youneedonlyEclipseandApacheTomcatinstalled.Theversionsfeaturedinthisarticlearelistedbelow.

Table1.Componentsandversionsused

Component

Versionusedinthisarticle

EclipsePlatform

3.2.2

JavaEE5SDK

1.5.0_09

ApacheTomcat

5.5.20

TheEclipseIDEisanopensourceIDEusedasthedevelopmentenvironmentforyourJava™ServerPages（JSPs）andJavafiles.WiththeWebandJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition（J2EE）Developmenttoolsinstalled,EclipseisgreattoolforcreatingHTML,JSPs,andservlets.

YouneedtheJavaSDKtorunservletsonyourmachine.Finally,ApacheTomcatisanopensourceWebandservletcontainer,usedintheofficialreferenceimplementationsforJavaServletandJavaServerPages.

Installation

InstallationofEclipseandTomcatissimilar—bothareextractedfromthearchivefileformatintoafolderonyourharddisk.Ifyoueverwanttouninstalleither,it'sassimpleasdeletingthedirectoryinwhichyouextractedthefiles.

InstallEclipse

ToinstalltheEclipseIDE,unpackthecompressed（.zipor.tar.gz）fileyoudownloadedfromEclipse,thenmovetheunpackedfolderintoaconvenientlocation.ItrytoinstallitinalocationthatfollowstheconventionsofwhateveroperatingsystemI'musing.IfI'minstallingEclipseonaMacintosh,IputtheEclipsefolderintheApplicationsfolder.IfI'musingMicrosoft™Windows™,IputtheunpackedfolderintotheC:

\ProgramFilesdirectory.

Onceyou'vedownloadedandinstalledEclipse,startitup.BeforeyoucancreateaWebproject,youneedtoinstalltheJ2EEandWebDevelopmentplug-ins.Fortunately,it'seasytoinstalltheplug-inusingtheCallistoDiscoverySite.

InstalltheWebtools

WiththeEclipseIDErunning,selectHelp>SoftwareUpdates>FindandInstall.ThisoptionletsyoudownloadandinstalltheWebtoolswithoutgoingtoaWebsite.

SelectSearchforNewFeaturestoInstall,asshownbelow,thenclickNext.

Figure1.Install/Updatewindow

SelectCallistoDiscoverySite,asshownbelow,thenclickNext.

Figure2.SelecttheCallistoDiscoverySite

UnderCallistoDiscoverySite,checktheWebandJ2EEDevelopmentbox.Thewizardimmediatelywarnsyouthatyou'remissingdependencies.ClickSelectRequired,andthesewarningsshoulddisappear.SomeorallofthecomponentsintheGraphicalEditorsandFrameworksandModelsandModelDevelopmentcategoriesareselected（asshowninFigure3）becausethey'rerequiredfortheinstallationoftheWebandJ2EEplug-ins.

Figure3.Selectfeaturesforinstallation

ClickNexttocontinue,andlicenseagreementsappearforeachfeatureyou'veselected.Ifyouagreewiththelicenses,acceptthemandfollowthewizardthroughtherestoftheprocess.WhentheIDEisfinishedinstallingtheplug-ins,itasksyoutorestartEclipseinorderforthechangestotakeeffect.BesureyourestarttheIDEbeforecontinuing.

AfteryourestarttheIDE,thenewfeaturesareavailabletobegindevelopingdynamicWebprojects.

InstallTomcat

ToinstallApacheTomcat,extractthefilesfromthedownloadedarchiveandplacethemintoadirectory.IputtheminmyC:

\appsdirectorytomakethemeasytolocatelater.That'sitfornow;useEclipseasshownlatertostartTomcat.

CreateanewWebproject

FromtheEclipseIDE,selectFile>New>Projecttoviewtheprojectwizards.TypeWebintheWizardsbox,andtheNewProjectwindowfiltersthewizardstoshowtheonesthatmatch.Thisisaneasywaytolocatethewizardyouwantinsteadofgoingthrougheachitem.

ChooseDynamicWebProjectfromthelist.YouusetheStandardWebProjectWizardtomakestaticHTMLWebprojects.YoucantechnicallyuseTomcattorunstaticWebsites,althoughaWebserversuchasApacheWebServermaybeabetterchoiceforstaticcontent.Webserversbuiltspecificallyforservingupstaticpagestendtohavelessoverheadandaretunedforthatpurpose.

Targetaruntime

UnderTargetRuntime,yousee,asshowninFigure4,becauseyouhaven'tcreatedaruntimeyetforApacheTomcat.ClickNewtoopentheNewTargetRuntimeWizard.SelectApacheTomcatV5.5fromtheApachefolder,asshowninFigure5,thenclickNext.

Figure4.CreateanewdynamicWebproject

Figure5.Createanewserverruntime

Nowyouhavetheopportunitytonameyourruntime,althoughthedefaultnameApacheTomcatV5.5isfine.ClickBrowsetolocatethebasefolderforyourApacheTomcatconfiguration（mineisC:

\apps\apache-tomcat-5.5.20,asshowninFigure6）.IrecommendleavingtheIBM®JavaRuntimeEnvironment（JRE）versionthesameas