旅游英语环球之旅意大利.docx
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旅游英语环球之旅意大利
(旅游英语)环球之旅—意大利
意大利共和国位于欧洲南部。
它北连欧洲大陆,东临亚得里亚海,西濒利古里亚海和第勒尼安海,南接奥尼亚海。
意大利西同法国接壤,北与瑞士、奥地利相连,东同南斯拉夫毗邻。
东邻的阿尔巴尼亚、南部的阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、利比亚和马耳他等北非诸国均与意大利隔海相望。
WhenIsittherethinkingofwheretostarttotellyouaboutItaly,Iclosemyeyesandsomanywonderfulpicturesandmemories(n.记忆,回忆)floodbackthatIdon'tknowwheretostart.IspentthreewonderfulyearstherethatwhenitcametimetomoveonIwassosadtoleave.Itisacountrysosteeped(steepv.浸,泡,沉浸)inhistorymixedwithalifestylethatanybodywouldenvy(v.嫉妒,羡慕).NowIwouldliketosharesomeofmywonderfulmemorieswithyouandstartwithsomeofthemajorcitiesIvisitedandlivedin.
Milan(米兰)isthetruefashioncapitoloftheworld,hometothemostfamousfashiondesigners(服装设计师)andbrandlabels(名牌,商标)intheworld.Thereareeverysizeexclusive(adj.高级的)glitzy(adj.闪光的,耀眼的,眩目的)boutiques(时装专卖店)purveying(v.supply;furnish提供,供给,供应)theirhigh-classwares.
Thecafésocietyissomethingtobehold(v.看到,目睹)asallthebeautifulpeoplecomeouttobeseenallwearingthelatestfashionandsitinthecafessipping(sipv.吸,吮)theircoffeeseatingmouthwateringhome-made(adj.自制的)cakeschattinguntiltheearlyhoursofthenight.
Rome(罗马)isthecapital,withitsmagnificent(adj.splendid;grand宏伟的,崇高的,高贵的)historiccoliseum(n.圆形体育馆,大剧场)wheretheancientRomansheldthegames,thecountlessfountainsincludingthemostfamousFontanadiTrevi(意大利著名的许愿池)whereloverseverydaytoss(v.投,掷)coinsovertheirshoulderswishingforeternallove(永恒的爱).
TheVaticanCity[n.梵蒂冈(罗马教廷所在地)]isthecitadel(n.根据地,大本营)oftheRomanCatholicChurch(罗马天主教堂)includingtheSistineChapel[n.(罗马梵蒂冈的)西斯廷教堂]thattookMichaelAngelo(宗教革命领袖)sevenyearsto
paintbyhand.
Therearesomanyancientmonuments(n.纪念碑)andsightstovisitallsettingthiscityasoneofthetruegreatcapitalsoftheworld,somanywonderfulrestaurantstochoosefromwithauthentic(adj.真的;真正的)Italianrecipes(n.菜谱,烹饪法)thatwillhaunt(v.cometomindcontinually,obses时常萦绕心头)youforyearstocome.NoPizzaHut[必胜客(西餐厅)]here,justthereal
thing.Aneveningattheopera(n.歌剧)isenchanting(adj.迷人的;醉人的)tothesoul.
Turin(都灵,意大利西北一城市,位于波河河畔、米兰西南偏西方。
)isthecitywhereeveryman'sdreamcarsaremanufactured--thesleek(adj.油光可鉴的)red,sexyultimateFerrarisportscars.Therearesomanycarsdrivingaroundthecitythattheybecomesuchapartoftheeverydaylife.Turinisamanufacturingcitywithsomanyinternationalanddomesticcompaniesbasedhere,alsothegateway(n.门,通路)tonorthernSwitzerland.
Venice(威尼斯)--thecitysurroundedbywater.Romanceabounds(aboundvi.富于,充满)allalongitswaterwayswithloverseverywheredriftingbyinthegondolas(n.刚朵拉,一种狭长的轻型平底船)oblivious(lackingallmemory;forgetful健忘的;忘却的)toeverythingbuteachother,oncethetradingcapitaloftheeastandthehomeofthegreatexplorerMarcoPolo[n.马可波罗(意大利旅行家,商人)].
ThemagnificentSt.PetersBasilica(aRomanCatholicChurch圣彼得斯罗马天主教堂)standsinSt.PetersSquare(圣彼得斯广场),withsomanyotherromanticanduniqueplacestovisit.Thismakesitamustplacetovisitalongwithsomanyhistoricplacestovisitthatyouarespoiledforchoice(不知所措,眼花缭乱).
WithotherfamouscitiessuchasVerona[n.维罗纳(意大利北部城市)],Pisa[n.比萨(意大利城市,城内有著名的比萨斜塔)],Florence[n.佛罗伦萨(意大利都市名)],Naples[n.那不勒斯(意大利西南部港市)]andsomanyothers,eachwiththeirownspecialplacesofhistoricinterestandtraditions(历史名胜古迹),culturesandattraction(placesofculturesandattraction文化风景区),eachonewithsomuchtoofferthatyoumustvisitthemallandsampleallonofferforyourself.
FoodAndWine
意大利的菜肴源自古罗马帝国宫廷,有着浓郁的文艺复兴时代佛罗伦萨的膳食情韵,素称“欧洲大陆烹调之母”,在世界上享有很高的声誉。
意大利菜多以海鲜作主料,辅以牛、羊、猪、鱼、鸡、鸭、番茄、黄瓜、萝卜、青椒、大头菜、香葱烹成。
制法常用煎、炒、炸、煮、红烩或红焖,喜加蒜茸和干辣椒,略带小辣,火候一般是六七成熟,重视牙齿的感受,以略硬而有弹性为美,形成醇浓、香鲜、断生、原汁、微辣、硬韧等12字特色。
这都表现在佛罗伦萨牛排、罗马魔鬼鸡、那不勒斯烤龙虾、巴里甲鱼、奥斯勃克牛肘肉、扎马格龙沙拉,米列斯特通心粉、鸡蛋肉末沙司、板肉白豆沙拉子、青椒焖鸡、烩大虾、烤鱼、冷鸡、白豆汤、火腿切面条等名食之中,四方游客趋之若鹜。
Themaincharacteristic(n.feature特性,特征)ofItaliancookingisitshealthybalance,theexcellentbasicingredientsbeingsimplycookedandretainingtheiroriginal(adj.最初的,原始的)goodness(n.thebeneficialornutritiouspart精华,富有营养的部分)andfreshness,simpleandyetwithsuchavarietyofflavors(n.风味,口味)andrichinventiveness(n.独创性;独创能力)inpreparationthat
eventhemostdemanding(adj.苛刻的,要求过分的)gourmet(n.美食家)isdelighted.
ItalianbreakfastisquitedifferentfromAmericanorEnglish.Colazione([意]早餐)isusuallylight:
cappuccino(coffeeandmilk牛奶咖啡)andabrioche([意]sweetpastry一种意大利甜饼),orsimplyespresso([意]black-short-strongcoffee浓咖啡).
Pranzo([意]lunch午餐)isthebigmealexceptintheindustrializedcities(工业城市).Itconsistsofantipasto(n.starter头盘)aprimopiatto(pasta,riceorsoup意大利面),asecondopiatto(meatorfish肉或鱼)withcontorno(vegetablesalad蔬菜沙拉),thenfrutta(freshfruit水果).Finishwithespresso(浓咖啡)andmaybeagrappa(<意>n.格拉巴酒(用酒渣酿制的一种白兰地))oramaro(strongdigestiveliqueur一种帮助消化的酒).
Cena(dinner晚餐)issimilartolunch.Nowadaysthereisatendency(n.倾向,趋向)ofhavingalightlunch,thendinnerbecomesthemajormeal.
Gelato(ice-cream冰淇淋)hashundredsofdifferentflavoursandcanbeenjoyedatanytimeofthedayaswellasthegranita[n.crushedicewithflavouredsyrup格兰尼它冰糕(一种意大利的粗制冰糕)].
Wheretoeat?
意大利人请客,星期天和节日多在家中,平时是去餐馆。
其程序是开席时先喝点香槟酒。
他们轻轻撬动瓶塞,让瓶内的气体慢慢外推,突然间“乒”的一声,弹出瓶塞,宾主都以此为吉兆,鼓掌祝贺,开怀畅饮。
接着上海鲜大拼盘,再饮葡萄酒。
随后正菜有4道:
一是什锦菜汤、炒米饭(或通心粉)、干酪;二是牛排、鱼虾或各式鸡菜、生菜;三是水果、冰淇淋之类;四是甜点及蛋糕。
饭后要饮消化酒及咖啡。
若是富裕人家,节日的正菜常常多达7道,还须配置开胃的苦艾酒以及助消化的烈酒。
意大利人在宴会上从不呆板拘泥,想吃就吃,想喝便喝,并且确信古训:
“客人喝得高兴,主人脸上光彩。
”
Therearethousandsofristoranti(restaurants餐厅),themostformaltypeofplacetoeatwhenoneisnotinahurry,sometimesalittlefancy(adj.ofsuperiorgrade;fine优良的;好的),pricy(adj.昂贵的)andfamily-run(用于家庭聚会);trattoriaandosteria:
lessformalthanaristoranti,where
localspecialtiesareserved;panineria(一种长条三明治):
asandwichbar,whereaquickmealcanbehadatanytimeoftheday;pizzeria (比萨饼)isnotonlyforpizzalovers!
ItalianWine 意大利美酒
古罗马时代的诗人喜欢称意大利为“欧诺特利亚之地”,即葡萄酒之乡;实际上,欧诺特利亚是古希腊语中的一个名词,意指意大利东南部。
人们往往认为意大利葡萄酒价格便宜,并且容易使人兴奋。
从柳条长颈大肚瓶装契安第红葡萄酒,到味甜多泡的摩德纳葡萄酒。
虽然在国际声誉上意大利酒远远落后于法国酒,但是,在一定程度上说意大利这个国家本身也是一个新生产物。
意大利的地方主义也反映在酒上。
Italyisnotonlythelargestproducerofwines,butaboveallaproducerofgreatwines.
Itsclimate,soilandveryoldtraditionsofviticulture(n.葡萄栽培)makeItalyanaturalwine-growingnation.Thewinesareaspersonalasaname,asdifferentasthecoloursoftherainbowandasmuchapartofItalianlifeasalmost3,000yearsoftraditioncanmakethem.
TheEtruscans(n.伊特鲁里亚人)ofNorth-CentralItaly,whocreatedoneofthepeninsula's(n.半岛)earliestcivilizations,leftevidenceofhowtomakewine.TheGreekswhosoonafterestablishedthemselvesintheSouthgaveItalythenameEnotria[(意)thelandofwine产酒之乡].
Forcenturieswinegrowinghasbeenthecultivation(n.培养,教养)whichusedmostofthelaboroftheItalianfarmers.Thisisstilltruetoday.Alargepartofthepopulationisengagedinthevine(n.葡萄种植)andwineindustry.
OtherItaliandrinksincludeaperitifs(n.开胃酒),blendedprincipally(adv.主要地)overabaseoftheworld-famousPiedmontn[(地名)皮德蒙特]Vermouth(n.味美斯酒);dessertwines,suchasMoscato,MarsalaandMalvasiafromSicilyandsparklingwinesfromPiedmont,Veneto[(地名)威尼突区],Tuscany[托斯卡纳区(意大利行政区名)]andtheIslands.Italyalsohasexcellentbeersandagreatvarietyofeffervescent(adj.冒泡的)mineralwaters.
AreyouplanningatriptooneofItaly's"natural"attractions?
Surprisingly,Italycanoffermanyprotectednaturalareasandnationalparksthataredefinitelyworthavisit.Imaginepeacefullakeslocatedhighupinthemountains,ortheprosperousmarinelife(adj.海洋生物)alongthecoasts,withanopportunitytospotrareanimals(稀有动物)thatlivefreelyintheundiscovered
regions;orimagineawalkinoneofthelessrenowned(adj.famous有名望的;著名的)ruralvillageslocateddeepintheheartofthecountry,orwithinslightlypopulatedislands.
TheItalianphysicalenvironment(自然环境)offerstheperfectsettingsforallkindsofholidays,fromtranquil(adj.安静的,宁静的)camp-siteactivitytothemorechallengingtrekking(adj.艰苦跋涉的)itineraries(n.routeorjourney旅程,路线).Youwillbeabletodiscoverbyyourownthemanyresources(n.资源)availableinthedifferentparks,ortakeadvantageofguidedtourstoexplorethemostbeautifulnaturalplacesaccessible(adj.易接近的,可到达的)ineachregion.
RegionalSpecialties
AlthougheveryonelovesItalianfood,figuringoutwhatkindofmealtohaveandwheretohavecanbedifficult.Italiancuisinevariesfromregion(n.地方,区域)toregionbut,inspiteofregionaldifferences,Italianfoodingeneralisoftencharacterized(v.以……为特征,特征是……)asbeingflexible(adj.灵活的;可塑造的)andinnovative(adj.革新的,创新的),buildingitselfonamodeloftheme(n.主题)andvariation(n.变化,变更).Hereisaselectionofthemostwell-knownregionalspecialties(特色食品)thatthetouristshouldtaste:
bisteccaallaValdostana:
abreadedcutletfriedthentoppedwithfontina(n.意大利果仁味羊奶干酪)andham;
carbonade:
astew(n.炖肉)madeofleanmeat(瘦肉)cookedwithmincedonionsandwine;
cheeses:
thefamousfontina,toma(熟奶酪)aripecheese,fromadzoandsalignon(咸奶酪)aspicyrobiola
bagnacauda:
ahotsaucemadewithoil,garlic(n.大蒜)andanchovies(n.凤尾鱼)usedfordippingwithrawvegetables(新鲜蔬菜);