英国报纸发展British newspaper development.docx

英国报纸发展British newspaper development.docx

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英国报纸发展Britishnewspaperdevelopment

英国报纸发展（Britishnewspaperdevelopment）

Times

TheTimesisacomprehensivenationalnewspaperpublishedinBritain.Itisanewspaperthathasagreatinfluenceonthepolitics,economyandcultureofthewholeworld.

ThetimesisaffiliatedwithRupertMurdoch'snewscorporation.Foralongtime,thetimeshasbeenregardedasBritain'sfirstmainstreamnewspaper,knownas"afaithfulrecordofBritishsociety"".ThetimesplayedanimportantroleinBritain'sdomesticpoliticsandinternationalrelations.AfterbeingboughtbyMurdoch,itmeansthatthetimes'sstyleisgraduallybecomingconservative.

Thetimes'sEnglishname"TheTimes",translatedliterallyfromChinese,shouldbethetimes.However,itstranslationhasbecomesimilartothepronunciation,butnotassociatedwiththe"ThamesRiver"（RiverThames）.Duetotheconventionalrelationship,mistranslationhasbeenpreserved.TherearemanynewspapersaroundtheworldcalledTimes,suchastheNewYorkTimes（TheNewYorkTimes）.Inordertodistinguishit,thetimesissometimesreferredtobytheEnglishlanguageas"TheLondonTimes".ThetimesisthefirstnewspaperintheworldtobenamedafterTimes.

History

Thepagesofthetimes

Thetimeswasbornin1785andwasfoundedbyJohnwalter.Atthebeginningofthebirth,thenameofthisnewspaperis"TheDailyRegisterUniversal".InJanuary1,1788,officiallychangedtotoday'sname.JohnWalterwasalsothefirsteditorinchiefofthetimes.Heresignedin1803andpassedonhispublisherandeditortohisson,WalterJohn.JohnWalterhadbeenjailedfor16monthsforlibel.HoweveritisinchargeofWalterJohn?

"thetimes"willbethefirstBritishnewsperspectiveextendstootherEuropeancountries,especiallyfrance.Thisisthe"times"inthepoliticalandfinancialsectorwonahighreputation.

Asacomprehensivedailynewspaper,thetimesfocusesonpolitics,science,literature,art,etc.,andhasgainedagoodreputationinalmosteveryfield.Initsearlydays,thetimeswereprofitable,andtheprofitmarginsweresogreatthattherewashardlyanothernewspaperthatcouldrivalthequalityortheeconomy.Itisalsoforthisreasonthattimesemployees,includingjournalists,editorsandcolumnists,earnmorethanjournalistswhoworkinothernewspapers.

InearlynineteenthCentury,"thetimes"servedasthethreechiefeditorJohn,BarnesandThomasStoddart?

?

John?

Thaddeusefforts,itsinfluencehasbeenenhanced,especiallyintheUKandLondonpoliticalaffairs.

Thetimeswasthefirstnewspaperwithforeigncorrespondentsandthefirstnewspapertobesenttowarcorrespondents.WH,Russell,whowasoncesenttotheCrimeabythetimes,wroteaseriesofwarstoriesthathadmadethelittle-knownjournalistfamous.

InthegreatpoliticaleventsofthenineteenthCentury,thetimesplayedanimportantrole.Forexample,duringtheAmericanCivilwar,

Thenewspaperopenlyopposesslavery.Thetimesopenlysupportscertainpoliticiansinitsownvalue,butneverpandertopublicopinion.PresidentLincolnoncesaid,"Idon'tknowwhatelsecanhavethepowerofthetimesexcepttheMississippiRiver."."

In1847,JohnWalterthirdtookoverhisfather,knownasthepublisherofthenewspaper.DespitetheincreasinglyconservativepoliticsoftheWalterfamily,thetimesmaintaineditsindependence.However,aroundthe1850,therapidriseofthecheapPennynewspaperposedagreatthreattothesurvivalanddevelopmentofthetimes.Themainthreatscomefromcheapnewspapersintwo:

theDailyTelegraphandthedailymail.

In1880,NorthernRockgainedtheownershipofthenewspaperandinnovatedittomakeitmoreeffective.In1922,JohnJacobAstorboughtthetimesfromnorthernrock.30swasaverydisgracefulperiodinthehistoryofthetimes,becausethenewspaperreceivedthepolicyofappeasementandopenlycondonedfascistaggressionbygermany.Meanwhile,thetimes'seditor,GeorgeGeoffreyDawson,andBritishPrimeMinisterChamberlainformedapoliticalalliancetoopenlysupporttheBritishgovernment'sforeignpolicy.

In1966,theAstorfamilysoldthetimestoRoyThomsen,abigpublisherfromcanada.Itwasalsointhisyear,"thetimes"begantopublishnewsreportsinthefirsteditionofthenewspaper（priortothis,"thetimes"thefirsteditionpublishedmainlysmallluxuryadvertisement,objectfortheclass）.Atthistimethetimeswasoverwhelmed.

In1979theindustrialdisputemakesthe"times"publishednearlyayear.Itwasnotuntil1981thatRupertMurdochofnewsgroupboughtthenewspaperfor12million.Murdoch'snewsgroupalsoownsthepopularnewspaper,thesun,whichisknownforitslargestcirculationofthirdpagesofnakedwomen.

Theacquisitionof"thetimes",MurdochimmediatelyreplacedtheoriginaleditorWilliam?

LiSi-HaroldEvansandmoge,appointedastheneweditor?

.Evansmadeamajorreformofthetimes,includingtheintroductionofnewinterviewsandcommunicationtechnologies,andtheintroductionofmoreefficientmanagementsystems.In1982,thetimesbeganusingcomputertypesettingandlaserphototypesetting.Themoveledtoamassivedownsizingofthetimes,reducingthenumberofemployeesinitsprintingdepartmentfrom375to186.Atthispoint,however,journalistscouldnotwritearticlesdirectlythroughtypinginput.Thissituationcontinueduntil1986.

In2005,officialfiguresshowedthatthetimeshadanaveragedailycirculationof688thousandcopies.Thissalesvolumehasbeenthebestreleaselevelofthetimesinrecentyears.Thedailytelegraph,whichbelongstoanintegratedqualitynewspaper,ismoresalesthanthetimes,withanaveragedailycirculationofabout920thousandcopiesandatotalofmorethan300thousandsubscribers.

Features

"Thetimes"hasbeenadheringtothe"independent,objectivereportingoffacts"and"reportingthehistoryofdevelopment"purposes,butlookatthehistoryofmorethan200years,

Itcanbeseenthatthepoliticaltendencyofthenewspaperisbasicallyconservative,andsupportstheviewoftheBritishgovernmentinallpreviousimportantdomesticandinternationalaffairs.

Thedailyeditionofthetimesisabout40pages.Thelayoutcanbedividedintotwoparts.Oneisnewsandcommentaryathomeandabroad,culture,art,andbookreviews.Thefirstisbusiness,finance,sports,radio,televisionandentertainment.Thereportingstyleisveryserious,andthecontentofthereportisverydetailed.Itsreadershipmainlyincludespolitical,business,financialandintellectualcircles.

Aftertheacquisitionofthetimes,Murdochhasrepeatedlystressedthathewillnotinterferewiththeeditorialpolicyofthenewspaper,anddoesnotreducethequalityandstyleofitshistoricalaccumulation,butitmeansthatthetimeshasstillundergonesomechanges.Ineditorialstyle,morepictures,moresocialnews,andmorepoliticaltendencies;proamericangovernmenttrends.

Successiveissuer

JohnWalter（1785-1803）

LittleJohnWalter（1803-1847）

JohnWalter,third（1847-1894）

Arthur,Fraser,Walter（1894-1908）

SirNorthRock（1908-1922）

TheAstorfamily（1922-1966）

Roy,Thomsen（1966-1981）

Rupert,Murdoch（1981-）

Successiveeditorinchief

JohnWalter（1785-1803）

LittleJohnWalter（1803-1809）

JohnStoddart（1809-1817）?

?

Thomas,Barnes（1817-1841）

John,Ryan（1841-1877）

Thomaschenoll（1877-1884）?

?

GeorgeEarlBuckley（1884-1912）

George,Geoffrey,Dawson（1912-1919）

Henry?

?

WickhamSteede（1919-1922）?

George,Geoffrey,Dawson（1923-1941）

RobertMiketemperatureBahrainmeal-Wald（1941-1948）

William,Casey（1948-1952）

William,Hailey（1952-1966）

William?

?

LiSi-MoGe（1967-1981）

Harold,Evans（1981-1982）

Charles,Douglas,Hume（1982-1985）

CharlesWilson（1985-1990）

Simon,Jenkins（1990-1992）

PeterStowe?

?

Sade（1992-2002）

Robert,Thomsen（2002-）

Servingcolumnist

Simon,Barnes?

Columbine?

Alan?

Benjamin,Cohen?

Elese?

Cohen?

Michael,GF?

Tim,Humes?

Anthony,Howard?

Philip,Howard?

Mick,Hume?

Anatole,CLessky?

Magnus,Linklater?

Anthony,LuoYide?

Ben,MadgeTell?

Morondava?

Caitlin?

Richard,Morrison?

MatthewParrish?

?

Libby,amber,Weiss

William,LiSi-MoGe?

?

PeterLeeDELL?

Nick,Robinson?

MarieAnnHartSeeger

JanisTurner?

?

VictorKraft'spatience?

?

Externallinks

TheTimesOnline

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《泰晤士报》时尚手册德：

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补充内容

《泰晤士报》创刊于1785年元旦，原名为《每日环球纪录报》，也有资料翻译为《世鉴日报》，创办人是约翰·沃尔特。

1788年正式定名为《泰晤士报》。

该报创刊时并不显眼，但由于它致力于详尽而迅速的报道国内外新闻、整版刊登国会辩论实况，以及时报道法国大革命的进程，几年后便成为伦敦第一流的大报。

到1803年沃尔特儿子小沃尔特接手《泰晤士报》时，又进一步扩大该报的报道面，一步步把《泰晤士报》推上了它历史发展的第一次巅峰。

这一时期，小沃尔特对《泰晤士报》进行了全面改革：

1。

在经营方面，该报完全割断和政府的联系，依靠广告和发行收入而充分自立。

2。

在报道方面，它大量刊登国内外要闻，派遣干练的记者奔赴国内外热点地区采访获得许多独家新闻，1815年拿破仑滑铁卢战败的消息就是由《泰晤士报》抢先报道的。

当时《泰晤士报》在国外的影响力很大，以至于报社的驻外记者常被人们视为第二大使。

3在言论方面，它崇尚独立，通过遍布全国的记者网经常了解各基层的情绪和意见作为评论依据，因此逐步成为舆论界的重要力量。

4在技术方面，重视新技术，率先采用蒸汽印刷机、轮转印刷机，不断提高印刷质量和速度。

经过这些改革《泰晤士报》成了当时英国首屈一指的大报，到1847年小沃尔特去世时，《泰晤士报》的发行量已达三万多份，竟然超过了伦敦其他大报发行量的总和。

到十九世纪后期，随着英国一些新兴报纸的产生，《泰晤士报》就显得有些跟不上时代的步伐了，由于它长期墨守陈规，固步自封，导致发行量不断下降，直到1908年被当时英国最早的报业集团---北岩报团买下，才使它起死回生。

北岩报团的掌门人就是大名鼎鼎的哈姆斯沃思，这个人很有本事，现在英国很有名气的两种小报《每日邮报》和《每日镜报》就是由哈姆斯沃思创办的，后来被封为北岩勋爵。

他任命道森为主编，全力革新，使《泰晤士报》重有起色，发行量由3万份上升到31万份，这是《泰晤士报》的第二次巅峰时期。

但是好景不长，随着广播电视的问世，英国报业受到严重的冲击，《泰晤士报》也逃脱不了衰落的命运。

到北岩勋爵去世以后，它的后代把《泰晤士报》卖给了阿斯特家族，阿斯特家族又因财政困难转卖给了国际报业大王汤姆森。

汤

WhetherthisisaCanadian,Britainin50sbattles,thefounderoftheThomsengroupcompany,thecompanyisthelargestnewspapercompanyinBritainafterWorldWarII,currentlyhasmorethan50localnewspapers,morethan50magazines.Althoughthenewspaperwasrunbysuchalargenewspaper,itfailedtosavethetimes.OldThomsenhadtomakeupforthedeficitofnewspapersspent800thousandpoundsofproperty,afterthedeathoftheoldThomsen,hissonThomsenwille