蓝牙技术外文翻译文献.docx

蓝牙技术外文翻译文献.docx

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蓝牙技术外文翻译文献

蓝牙技术外文翻译文献

（文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译）

原文：

Bluetooth

Introduction

Bluetoothisaforever,limitedradioconnectthatresidesonamicrochip.ItwasoriginallyexpandedthroughSwedishmobilephonecreatorEricssonin1994asamethodtoletlaptopcomputersmakecallsaboveamobilephone.Asthen,numerousorganizationshavesignedontocreateBluetooththelow-powerthoughtlesswirelessaverageforabroadvarietyofdevices（LeVitus,216-220）.IndustryspectatorsanticipateBluetoothtobefittedinbillionsofdevicesthrough2005.

Discussion

DevelopedbyengineersatEricssoninthelate1990s,Bluetoothismoreandmorespecialtechnologythatfacilitatesthoughtlesswirelesscommunicationamongadiversityofelectronicdevices.Itsmainlyimportantaspectisthatitpermitsdevicesto“talk”（relocateandorchestratedata）wirelesslywitheachother,terminatingtherequirementfortheoutwardlycontinuoustangleofcables,cords,andadaptersimportantfornumeroustoday’sexpertise.

TheBluetoothSpecialInterestGroup（SIG）wasformedin1998tomanagetheexpansionandprologueofBluetoothknowledge（LeVitus,216-220）.IBM,Intel,ToshibaandNokiaconnectedwithEricssonasthebeginningassociatesoftheSIG,andinexcessof8,000organizationshavecontractedsince.SoastotradeproductswiththeBluetoothrequirementandlogo,manufacturersshouldbeassociatesoftheSIGandthedevicesshouldmeetwell-outlinedcredentials.TheseproceduresmakesurethatBluetoothwirelessdevicesinternationalmayconversewitheachother,apartfromcompanyornationofderivation.

SpeedandRange

RangeisapplicationspecificandalthoughaminimumrangeismandatedbytheCoreSpecification,thereisnotalimitandmanufacturerscantunetheirimplementationtosupporttheusecasetheyareenabling. 

Rangemayvarydependingon classofradiousedinanimplementation:

∙Class3radios–havearangeofupto1meteror3feet

∙Class2radios–mostcommonlyfoundinmobiledevices,havearangeof10metersor33feet

∙Class1radios–usedprimarilyinindustrialusecases,havearangeof100metersor300feet

ThatcreatesBluetoothtechnologyappropriatefortransportinglesserfilesforexamplecellphonecontractsandtextdocuments,alsoaslower-qualitypicturesandaudio（Kumkum,160-162）.Attheserelocatespeeds;Bluetoothmaynotactuallydealstreamingvideoorhigh-qualitypicturesandaudioatthisend,exceptthispossiblywillalterinthefuturewhenfreshBluetoothstandardsareinitiated.

SimpleandCompetenttoUtilize

CreatingandconfiguringBluetoothalloweddevicesismoderatelyuncomplicated,withlittleextracommotionthanacquirethetwodevicesclosetooneanotherandtwistthemon.Thereisnorequirementtomountdriversorfurthersoftwaretocomplexanad-hoc,personalwirelessnetwork（Kumkum,160-162）.Ithasauniformorganization,meaningthatsometwowirelessproductsattributingBluetoothtechnology,despiteofproductornationoforigin,havetheabilitytoconversefaultlesslywitheachother.

CommonApplications

OneofthemainlyordinaryapplicationsofBluetoothishands-freecellphoneprocedure.AbouteachcellphonefashionedinourdayhasconstructedBluetooth（Meier,15-20）.OnlypairphonewithaBluetoothheadset,andhemaytalkwhereashisphoneisinhispurseorpocket.Severaloftoday’scarstereosaswellhavefittedBluetoothforhands-freecallinginhisvehicle.Andifhisvehiclehasaplantstereoorgrown-upaftermarketonethathemerelydoesn’twishtorestore,hemayyetlikehands-freeidentifyingwithaBluetoothcarkit.

Bluetooth3.0

Bluetooth3.0isthefreshBluetoothwirelesstypicaladoptedthroughtheBluetoothSIGonApril21,2009.Thefreshstandardsupportselevateddataremovespeedsandconstructsaheadtheprecedingstandards（Meier,15-20）.Withitssuperiorspeed,thetechnologyhastheprobabletotransfiguretheconsumerelectronicsindustry.

PROTOCOL

TheBluetoothtechnologystandardissettomakedifferentapplicationscan“communicate”witheachother.Remotedevicesincommunicationusethesameprotocolstacks,whiledifferentapplicationsneeddifferentprotocolstacks.But,everyapplicationneedsthedatalinklayerandphysicallayeroftheBluetoothtechnology.

ThewholeBluetoothprotocolstacksisshownasblow.Notanyapplicationshouldusealloftheprotocols,butoneorsomelistsofthese.Thechartbelowshowstherelationshipbetweenprotocols,buttherelationshipmaychangeinsomeapplications.

ThecompletelyprotocolstacksincludeBluetoothspecialprotocols（likeLMPandL2CAP）andnotspecialones（suchasOBEXandUDP）.Thebasicprinciplefordesigningprotocolandprotocolstacksisthatuseexistinghighlevelprotocolaspossible,ensurethecombinationofprotocolsandBluetoothtechnology,andtakethebestadvantageofthesoftwareandhardwarewhichadapttotheBluetoothtechnologystandards.TheopenBluetoothtechnologymakesdevicemanufacturerscanchooseprotocolsfreelyastheylikeorusedto.

TheprotocolsinBluetoothprotocolsystem

TherearefourlayersinBluetoothprotocolsystemaccordingtotheSIG

∙Coreprotocols

∙Cablereplacementprotocols

∙Telephonycontrolprotocols

∙Adoptedprotocols

Excepttheprotocollayersabove,thestandardalsodefinesHost/ControllerInterface（HCI）,whichprovidescommandinterfaceforbasebandcontroller,connectionmanager,hardwarestateandcontrolregister.

BluetoothcoreprotocolsconsistofthespecialprotocolsmadebySIG.MostBluetoothdevicesneedcoreprotocols,whileotherprotocolsareuseddependonneedsoftheapplication.Afterall,cablereplacementprotocols,technologycontrolprotocolsandadoptedprotocolsbasedonthecoreprotocolsconstitutetheobject-orientedprotocols.

∙Coreprotocols

∙LMP（LinkManagementProtocol）

Usedforcontroloftheradiolinkbetweentwodevices.Implementedonthecontrollers.

Itidentifiesandencryptsthroughlaunching,exchangingandcheckingtheconnection,anddecidesthesizeofbasebanddatapacketsthroughconference.Italsocontrolsthepowermodeandworkcycleofwirelessequipment,andconnectionstatusofunitequipmentinpiconet.

∙L2CAP（LogicalLinkControl&AdaptationProtocol）

Thisprotocolisusedtomultiplexmultiplelogicalconnectionsbetweentwodevicesusingdifferenthigherlevelprotocols,andprovidessegmentationandreassemblyofon-airpackets.

InBasicmode,L2CAPprovidespacketswithapayloadconfigurableupto64kB,with672bytesasthedefaultMTU,and48bytesastheminimummandatorysupportedMTU.

InRetransmission&FlowControlmodes,L2CAPcanbeconfiguredforreliableorisochronousdataperchannelbyperformingretransmissionsandCRCchecks.

BluetoothCoreSpecificationAddendum1addstwoadditionalL2CAPmodestothecorespecification.ThesemodeseffectivelydeprecateoriginalRetransmissionandFlowControlmodes:

∙EnhancedRetransmissionMode（ERTM）:

Thismodeisanimprovedversionoftheoriginalretransmissionmode.ThismodeprovidesareliableL2CAPchannel.

∙StreamingMode（SM）:

Thisisaverysimplemode,withnoretransmissionorflowcontrol.ThismodeprovidesanunreliableL2CAPchannel.

Reliabilityinanyofthesemodesisoptionallyand/oradditionallyguaranteedbythelowerlayerBluetoothBDR/EDRairinterfacebyconfiguringthenumberofretransmissionsandflushtimeout（timeafterwhichtheradiowillflushpackets）.In-ordersequencingisguaranteedbythelowerlayer.

OnlyL2CAPchannelsconfiguredinERTMorSMmaybeoperatedoverAMPlogicallinks.

∙SDP（ServiceDiscoveryProtocol）

ServiceDiscoveryProtocol（SDP）allowsadevicetodiscoverservicessupportedbyotherdevices,andtheirassociatedparameters.Forexample,whenconnectingamobilephonetoaBluetoothheadset,SDPwillbeusedfordeterminingwhichBluetoothprofilesaresupportedbytheheadset（HeadsetProfile,HandsFreeProfile,AdvancedAudioDistributionProfile（A2DP）etc.）andtheprotocolmultiplexersettingsneededtoconnecttoeachofthem.EachserviceisidentifiedbyaUniversallyUniqueIdentifier（UUID）,withofficialservices（Bluetoothprofiles）assignedashortformUUID（16bitsratherthanthefull128）/vichitra

∙Cablereplacementprotocols（RFCOMM）

Radiofrequencycommunications（RFCOMM）isacablereplacementprotocolusedtocreateavirtualserialdatastream.RFCOMMprovidesforbinarydatatransportandemulatesEIA-232（formerlyRS-232）controlsignalsovertheBluetoothbasebandlayer.

RFCOMMprovidesasimplereliabledatastreamtotheuser,similartoTCP.ItisuseddirectlybymanytelephonyrelatedprofilesasacarrierforATcommands,aswellasbeingatransportlayerforOBEXoverBluetooth.

∙Telephonycontrolprotocols（TCP）.

Telephonycontrolprotocol-binary（TCSBIN）isthebit-orientedprotocolthatdefinesthecallcontrolsignalingfortheestablishmentofvoiceanddatacallsbetweenBluetoothdevices.Additionally,"TCSBINdefinesmobilitymanagementproceduresforhandlinggroupsofBluetoothTCSdevices."

TCS-BINisonlyusedbythecordlesstelephonyprofile,whichfailedtoattractimplementers.Assuchitisonlyofhistoricalinterest.

∙Adoptedprotocols

Adoptedprotocolsaredefinedbyotherstandards-makingorganizationsandincorporatedintoBluetooth’sprotocolstack,allowingBluetoothtocreateprotocolsonlywhennecessary.Theadoptedprotocolsinclude:

∙Point-to-PointProtocol（PPP）:

InternetstandardprotocolfortransportingIPdatagramsoverapoint-to-pointlink.

∙TCP/IP/UDP:

ForcommunicatingwiththedeviceconnectedtoInternet.

∙ObjectExchangeProtocol（OBEX）:

Session-layerprotocolfortheexchangeofobjects,providingamodelforobjectandoperationre