蓝牙技术外文翻译文献.docx

1、蓝牙技术外文翻译文献蓝牙技术外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：BluetoothIntroductionBluetooth is a forever, limited radio connect that resides on a microchip. It was originally expanded through Swedish mobile phone creator Ericsson in 1994 as a method to let laptop computers make calls above a mobile phone. As then, nu

2、merous organizations have signed on to create Bluetooth the low-power thoughtless wireless average for a broad variety of devices (LeVitus, 216-220). Industry spectators anticipate Bluetooth to be fitted in billions of devices through 2005.DiscussionDeveloped by engineers at Ericsson in the late 199

3、0s, Bluetooth is more and more special technology that facilitates thoughtless wireless communication among a diversity of electronic devices. Its mainly important aspect is that it permits devices to “talk” (relocate and orchestrate data) wirelessly with each other, terminating the requirement for

4、the outwardly continuous tangle of cables, cords, and adapters important for numerous todays expertise.The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed in 1998 to manage the expansion and prologue of Bluetooth knowledge (LeVitus, 216-220). IBM, Intel, Toshiba and Nokia connected with Ericsson a

5、s the beginning associates of the SIG, and in excess of 8,000 organizations have contracted since. So as to trade products with the Bluetooth requirement and logo, manufacturers should be associates of the SIG and the devices should meet well-outlined credentials. These procedures make sure that Blu

6、etooth wireless devices international may converse with each other, apart from company or nation of derivation.Speed and RangeRange is application specific and although a minimum range is mandated by the Core Specification, there is not a limit and manufacturers can tune their implementation to supp

7、ort the use case they are enabling. Range may vary depending onclass of radio used in an implementation: Class 3 radios have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet Class 2 radios most commonly found in mobile devices , have a range of 10 meters or 33 feet Class 1 radios used primarily in industrial use

8、cases , have a range of 100 meters or 300 feetThat creates Bluetooth technology appropriate for transporting lesser files for example cell phone contracts and text documents, also as lower-quality pictures and audio (Kumkum, 160-162). At these relocate speeds; Bluetooth may not actually deal streami

9、ng video or high-quality pictures and audio at this end, except this possibly will alter in the future when fresh Bluetooth standards are initiated.Simple and Competent to UtilizeCreating and configuring Bluetooth allowed devices is moderately uncomplicated, with little extra commotion than acquire

10、the two devices close to one another and twist them on. There is no requirement to mount drivers or further software to complex an ad-hoc, personal wireless network (Kumkum, 160-162). It has a uniform organization, meaning that some two wireless products attributing Bluetooth technology, despite of

11、product or nation of origin, have the ability to converse faultlessly with each other.Common ApplicationsOne of the mainly ordinary applications of Bluetooth is hands-free cell phone procedure. About each cell phone fashioned in our day has constructed Bluetooth (Meier, 15-20). Only pair phone with

12、a Bluetooth headset, and he may talk whereas his phone is in his purse or pocket. Several of todays car stereos as well have fitted Bluetooth for hands-free calling in his vehicle. And if his vehicle has a plant stereo or grown-up aftermarket one that he merely doesnt wish to restore, he may yet lik

13、e hands-free identifying with a Bluetooth car kit.Bluetooth 3.0Bluetooth 3.0 is the fresh Bluetooth wireless typical adopted through the Bluetooth SIG on April 21, 2009. The fresh standard supports elevated data remove speeds and constructs ahead the preceding standards (Meier, 15-20). With its supe

14、rior speed, the technology has the probable to transfigure the consumer electronics industry.PROTOCOLThe Bluetooth technology standard is set to make different applications can “communicate” with each other. Remote devices in communication use the same protocol stacks, while different applications n

15、eed different protocol stacks. But, every application needs the data link layer and physical layer of the Bluetooth technology. The whole Bluetooth protocol stacks is shown as blow. Not any application should use all of the protocols, but one or some lists of these. The chart below shows the relatio

16、nship between protocols, but the relationship may change in some applications.The completely protocol stacks include Bluetooth special protocols (like LMP and L2CAP) and not special ones (such as OBEX and UDP). The basic principle for designing protocol and protocol stacks is that use existing high

17、level protocol as possible, ensure the combination of protocols and Bluetooth technology, and take the best advantage of the software and hardware which adapt to the Bluetooth technology standards. The open Bluetooth technology makes device manufacturers can choose protocols freely as they like or u

18、sed to.The protocols in Bluetooth protocol systemThere are four layers in Bluetooth protocol system according to the SIG Core protocols Cable replacement protocols Telephony control protocols Adopted protocolsExcept the protocol layers above, the standard also defines Host/Controller Interface (HCI)

19、,which provides command interface for baseband controller, connection manager, hardware state and control register.Bluetooth core protocols consist of the special protocols made by SIG. Most Bluetooth devices need core protocols, while other protocols are used depend on needs of the application. Aft

20、er all, cable replacement protocols, technology control protocols and adopted protocols based on the core protocols constitute the object-oriented protocols. Core protocols LMP (Link Management Protocol)Used for control of the radio link between two devices. Implemented on the controllers.It identif

21、ies and encrypts through launching, exchanging and checking the connection, and decides the size of baseband data packets through conference. It also controls the power mode and work cycle of wireless equipment, and connection status of unit equipment in piconet. L2CAP (Logical Link Control & Adapta

22、tion Protocol)This protocol is used to multiplex multiple logical connections between two devices using different higher level protocols, and provides segmentation and reassembly of on-air packets.In Basic mode, L2CAP provides packets with a payload configurable up to 64kB, with 672 bytes as the def

23、ault MTU, and 48 bytes as the minimum mandatory supported MTU.In Retransmission & Flow Control modes, L2CAP can be configured for reliable or isochronous data per channel by performing retransmissions and CRC checks.Bluetooth Core Specification Addendum 1 adds two additional L2CAP modes to the core

24、specification. These modes effectively deprecate original Retransmission and Flow Control modes: Enhanced Retransmission Mode (ERTM): This mode is an improved version of the original retransmission mode. This mode provides a reliable L2CAP channel. Streaming Mode (SM): This is a very simple mode, wi

25、th no retransmission or flow control. This mode provides an unreliable L2CAP channel.Reliability in any of these modes is optionally and/or additionally guaranteed by the lower layer Bluetooth BDR/EDR air interface by configuring the number of retransmissions and flush timeout (time after which the

26、radio will flush packets). In-order sequencing is guaranteed by the lower layer.Only L2CAP channels configured in ERTM or SM may be operated over AMP logical links. SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) allows a device to discover services supported by other devices, and t

27、heir associated parameters. For example, when connecting a mobile phone to a Bluetooth headset, SDP will be used for determining which Bluetooth profiles are supported by the headset (Headset Profile, Hands Free Profile, Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) etc.) and the protocol multiplexer s

28、ettings needed to connect to each of them. Each service is identified by a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID), with official services (Bluetooth profiles) assigned a short form UUID (16 bits rather than the full 128)/vichitra Cable replacement protocols(RFCOMM)Radio frequency communications (RFCOM

29、M) is a cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream. RFCOMM provides for binary data transport and emulates EIA-232 (formerly RS-232) control signals over the Bluetooth baseband layer.RFCOMM provides a simple reliable data stream to the user, similar to TCP. It is used dir

30、ectly by many telephony related profiles as a carrier for AT commands, as well as being a transport layer for OBEX over Bluetooth. Telephony control protocols (TCP).Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment

31、of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices. Additionally, TCS BIN defines mobility management procedures for handling groups of Bluetooth TCS devices.TCS-BIN is only used by the cordless telephony profile, which failed to attract implementers. As such it is only of historical interest. Adopte

32、d protocolsAdopted protocols are defined by other standards-making organizations and incorporated into Bluetooths protocol stack, allowing Bluetooth to create protocols only when necessary. The adopted protocols include: Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): Internet standard protocol for transporting IP datagrams over a point-to-point link. TCP/IP/UDP: For communicating with the device connected to Internet. Object Exchange Protocol (OBEX): Session-layer protocol for the exchange of objects, providing a model for object and operation re