4考研英语真题英语一阅读部分.docx
《4考研英语真题英语一阅读部分.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《4考研英语真题英语一阅读部分.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
4考研英语真题英语一阅读部分
2014考研英语真题英语一阅读部分
Text1
①Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.②OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.③Whatcouldbemorereasonable?
①Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.②Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance.③“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,”heclaimed.④“We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”⑤Help?
⑥Really?
⑦Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.⑧Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.
①Losingajobishurting:
youdon'tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.②Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.③Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.④Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.⑤Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:
ajob.
①ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.②Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.③TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.④Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker'sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.⑤Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.
21.GeorgeOsborne'sschemewasintendedto__________.
[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits
[B]encouragejobseekers'activeengagementinjobseeking
[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily
[D]guaranteejobseekers'legitimaterighttobenefits
22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans__________.
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre
[B]toacceptthegovernment'srestrictionsontheallowance
[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment
[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram
23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.
24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel__________.
[A]uneasy
[B]enraged
[C]insulted
[D]guilty
25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers'laziness.
[B]Osborne'sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.
[C]Thejobseekers'allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.
Text2
①Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.②ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.
①Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.②Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.③Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.④Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.
①Therearemanyreasonsforthis.②Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.③ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:
afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubjects,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.④Thisleavestoday'saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.⑤Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.
①Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.②Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.③Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.④Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.⑤Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.⑥Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.
①Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.②ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.③Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.④Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.
①Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms'efficiency.②Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.③Americashouldfollow.
26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto__________.
[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients
[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation
[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms
[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards
27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?
[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.
[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.
[C]Pursuingabachelor'sdegreeinanothermajor.
[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.
28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom__________.
[A]lawyers'andclients'strongresistance
[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession
[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers
[D]non-professionals'sharpcriticism
29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit__________.
[A]bansoutsiders'involvementintheprofession
[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares
[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade
[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits
30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses__________.
[A]flawedownershipofAmerica'slawfirmsanditscauses
[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica
[C]aprobleminAmerica'slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit
[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica'slegaleducation
Text3
①TheUS$3-millionFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.②Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.③AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.④Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.⑤Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.
①What'snottolike?
②Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.③Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.④Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.⑤Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.⑥Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.⑦Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.⑧Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.
①Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.②Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.
①AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.②TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.③ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.④TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualw